third protectorate & recall of the rump

• What was the focus of the Third Protectorate Parliament?

  Commerce, business, merchants, civilians
• Why did Lambert oppose the Third Protectorate Parliament's focus?

  He wanted the parliament to focus on the army
• What was the army's reaction to Richard Cromwell's preference for a state church?

  They were unhappy with the conservative idea
• How did the conservative ideas in the parliament relate to Charles' rule?

  They indicated a return to Charles' governance style
• What action did Lambert take in 1659 regarding the Rump Parliament?

  He recalled the Rump Parliament
• What did Lambert's actions in 1659 demonstrate about his position?

  He was in control of the army and situation
• Who were the groups with influence after Oliver Cromwell's death and what were their aims?

  • Civilian Cromwellians/Presbyterians: Traditional parliamentary settlement, reduce army influence
  • Army Leaders (Charles Fleetwood, Desborough): Continuation of the Protectorate
  • Quakers: Secure religious freedom, linked with Lambert
  • Commonwealthmen/republicans: Weaken army influence
  • Soldiers/junior officers: Establish regime based on Parliament authority
  • Charles Stuart: Wanted to be King, was in exile
• What was George Monck's original political alignment?

  He started as a Royalist
• How did George Monck's loyalties change over time?

  He shifted between Royalist and Cromwellian
• Why did Monck begin talking to Charles Stuart?

  He believed a monarchy was needed for stability
• What action did Monck take against the Quakers in his army?

  He purged his army of Quakers
• What was Lambert's influence in England after Cromwell's death?

  He established the Rump, controlling army power
• How did the Scottish NMA react to Lambert's actions?

  They thought his actions were too radical
• What was Booth's rising in August 1659?

  A rising in Cheshire against the army
• What was the outcome of Booth's rising?

  His army was defeated at Winnington Bridge
• What was the 'Sealed Knot' in Paris trying to achieve?

  They aimed to restore the monarchy
• How did the 'Sealed Knot' plan to assist Charles Stuart?

  By informing Monck of uprisings
• What were the Quakers' beliefs regarding religious practice?

  They believed in direct communication with God
• Why were people afraid of the Quakers?

  They feared a Quaker revolution
• How did Lambert handle the Quakers in his army?

  He tolerated them to prevent revolt
• What did Monck do to the Scottish NMA regarding the Quakers?

  He purged them of Quakers
• What did Lambert's army express through the Derby Petition?

  Anger at the Rump's failure to reform
• What was the significance of Portsmouth in Lambert's conflict?

  It backed Monck and the Rump
• When did Lambert remove the Rump Parliament?

  On 13th October 1659