Key terms

• What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What is the function of the ventricles in the heart?

  They pump blood out of the heart
• What are the types of atrioventricular (AV) valves?

  • Tricuspid Valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle
  • Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle
• What are the semilunar valves and their functions?

  • Prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles
  • Pulmonary Valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
  • Aortic Valve: Between left ventricle and aorta
• What is the function of the septum in the heart?

  It separates the left and right sides of the heart
• What does myogenic mean in relation to the heart?

  The heart contracts without external nervous stimulation
• How is cardiac output calculated?

  Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
• What is the role of the vena cava?

  Brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
• What is unusual about the pulmonary artery?

  It carries deoxygenated blood
• What does the pulmonary vein do?

  Carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium
• What is the largest artery in the body?

  Aorta
• What is the function of coronary arteries?

  Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• What do coronary veins do?

  Remove deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle
• What are the components of the cardiac cycle?

  1. Sinoatrial Node (SAN): Pacemaker of the heart
  2. Atrioventricular Node (AVN): Delays impulse for atrial contraction
  3. Bundle of His: Conducts impulses down the septum
  4. Purkyne Fibres: Spread impulses through ventricles
• What is systole?

  Contraction phase of the heart
• What is diastole?

  Relaxation phase of the heart
• What is stroke volume?

  Volume of blood pumped per heartbeat
• What is tachycardia?

  Abnormally fast heart rate
• What is bradycardia?

  Abnormally slow heart rate
• Veins?

  Deoxygenated blood
• Arteries?

  Oxygenated blood
• What does the aorta carry through systemic circulation?

  Oxygenated blood
• What is the function of the atrioventricular node?

  Conducts electrical signals between atria and ventricles
• What is an atrium in the heart?

  Upper chamber that receives blood
• What is the role of the bicuspid valve?

  Prevents backflow of blood between chambers
• What is diastole in the cardiac cycle?

  Phase when heart muscle relaxes
• What does an ECG measure?

  Electrical activity of the heart over time
• What is an electrode used for in medical settings?

  To measure or stimulate electrical activity
• What does influx refer to in cellular processes?

  Flowing in of a substance
• What does irregularity refer to in heartbeats?

  Abnormality or deviation from regular pattern
• What is a membrane in biological terms?

  Thin, flexible layer of tissue
• What is a myocyte?

  A muscle cell found in the heart
• What is the plateau phase in cardiac muscle cells?

  Phase where membrane potential remains stable
• What does the pulmonary artery do?

  Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What is the function of the semilunar valve?

  Prevents blood from flowing back into ventricles
• What is bradycardia?

  A slower than normal heart rate
• What does cardiac arrest refer to?

  A sudden cessation of the heart's pumping function
• What does idiopathic mean in medical terms?

  Condition with an unknown cause
• What is tachycardia?

  An abnormally rapid heart rate
• What are the key definitions related to heart conditions?

  • Bradycardia: Slower than normal heart rate
  • Cardiac Arrest: Sudden cessation of heart function
  • Idiopathic: Condition with an unknown cause
  • Tachycardia: Abnormally rapid heart rate