3.3.4

• how the Distribution of the workforce as changed over 10 years:

  • Agriculture - 31.3% down to 22.8%
  • Industry - 30.3% down to 29.1%
  • Service - 38.4% up to 48.1%
• how the economy and china has changed in late 1900s-late 2000s.

  • economic activity has grown massively
  • 1980s GDP = $40 billion, 2015 = $4 trillion
  • 95% of villagers of connected
  • 18% of the worlds GDP
  • Education mainly focuses on stem subjects
  • Deep Seek - produces cheap AI - caused American AI to crash
• changes to iron and steel industry's in China

  • 2024 = most steel industries located west mostly along the coast + Shanghai. Clusters near wuhan + North Korean border
  • 35% of the worlds coke (a fuel derived from coal) plants are found in china and India
  • Since 1979, six special economic zones (SEZs) and 14 open cities had been established – located near the coast
  • growth in economic activity minimised costs + maxed export opportunities
• In what year did China become the largest exporting country worldwide?

  2012
• What was China's export value when it became the largest exporter?

  About US$2 trillion
• When was the Western China Development Project created?

  2000
• Who is the current president of China?

  Xi Jinping
• What role do Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs) play in China's economy?

  They produce heavy goods and support rural industry
• What was the focus of TVEs during Mao's era?

  Producing heavy goods like iron and steel
• What was the annual growth rate of TVEs by the end of 2003?

  20%
• How many people were employed by TVEs by the end of 2003?

  135 million
• What percentage of GDP did TVEs generate by the end of 2003?

  Over 30%
• What was a problem faced by TVEs under Mao's control?

  They were less efficient and heavily controlled
• What was the impact of Deng's open-door policy on SOEs?

  Increased productivity and reform
• What agricultural system was prevalent under Mao?

  Collectivized agriculture
• What system allowed farmers to lease land under the reforms?

  The responsibility system
• What could farmers do once the state quota was met?

  Sell any surplus they produced
• What was the effect of agricultural reforms on production?

  Strengthened agricultural base and production
• Where were Special Economic Zones (SEZs) located?

  Near coastal areas, away from Beijing
• What are the key features of Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs)?

  • Produce heavy goods (iron, steel, etc.)
  • Expanded after 1978 to various businesses
  • Preferred by farmers over agriculture
  • Grew by 20% annually
  • Employed 135 million people by 2003
  • Generated over 30% of GDP
• What are the impacts of political changes on China's economy?

  Positive impacts:

  • Millions lifted out of poverty
  • Agricultural reforms reduced rural poverty
  • Social changes led to independent marriages
  • Improved infrastructure

  
  

  Negative impacts:

  • Increased air pollution
  • Widened gap between rich and poor
  • Exploitation of resources
• What are Xi Jinping's main goals for China?

  1. Make China an Asian powerhouse
  2. Recover territories like Taiwan
  3. Remove foreign spheres of influence
  4. Command respect from great powers
  5. Restore Chinese nationalism
  6. Maintain economic revolution
  7. Rebuild China's military
• What were the agricultural reforms in China after Mao?

  • Dismantled communes
  • Land leased to households under the responsibility system
  • Farmers could sell surplus after meeting state quotas
  • Strengthened agricultural base and production