Topic 1: Anatomy

• Cartilage description

  smooth, slightly elastic

  
• Cartilage function


  Support, covers ends of bones

  
• Ligament description

  slightly elastic(not as elastic as cartilage), very small movements
• Ligament function


  connects bone to bone, prevents dislocation, provides stability at joint

  
• Tendon description


  inelastic, very strong

  
• Tendon function


  Connect muscle to bone, allows muscle to pull on bone at joint for movement

  
• connective tissue


  type of soft tissue that plays an important role in the fuction of both the skeletal and muscular system
• Trapezius


  A triangular-shaped muscle located on the posterior neck and upper back that moves the head and shoulder blade.

  
• Deltoid


  Each of the three parts of the muscle, attached at the front, side, and rear of the shoulder.

  
• Erector Spinae (underneath)


  A large muscle that originates near the sacrum and extends vertically up the length of the back. It also lies on each side of the vertebral column.

  
• Triceps Brachii


  The large muscle at the back of the upper arm.

  
• Latissimus Dorsi


  Either of a pair of large, roughly triangular muscles covering the lower part of the back, extending from the sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae to the armpits.

  
• External Oblique


  The largest abdominal muscle and is situated to the side and front of the stomach. It extends from the lowest rib down to the upper portion of the hips.

  
• Gluteus Maximus


  The largest of three muscles in each buttock that move the thigh

  
• Biceps Femoris


  The lateral muscles in the back of the thigh that helps to flex the leg. Makes up part of the hamstrings.

  
• Semitendinosus

  The superficial medial hamstring muscle of the thigh. Makes up part of the hamstrings.

  
• Semimembranosus


  Deep medial hamstring muscle of the thigh. Makes up part of the hamstrings.

  
• Gastrocnemius


  The chief muscle of the calf of the leg, which flexes the knee and foot. It runs to the Achilles tendon from two heads attached to the femur.

  
• Soleus


  A broad muscle in the lower calf, below the gastrocnemius, that flexes the foot to point the toes downward.

  
• Pectoralis Major


  Large, fan-shaped muscle that covers much of the front upper chest.

  
• Biceps Brachii


  The large muscle in the upper arm that turns the hand to face palm uppermost and flexes the arm and forearm.

  
• Rectus Abdominus


  Each of a pair of long flat muscles at the front of the abdomen, joining the sternum to the pubis and acting to bend the whole body forward or sideways.

  
• Iliopsoas


  Two muscles (the iliacus and psoas major) that run from the lumbar portion of the vertebral column to the femur. The main action is to flex the thigh at the hip joint.

  
• Rectus Femoris


  One of the four quadriceps femoris muscles that sits in the middle of the front of the thigh. It is responsible for knee extension and hip flexion.

  
• Vastus Intermedius


  One part of the large, fleshy group called quadriceps femoris, which occupies the front and the sides of the thigh.

  
• Vastus Lateralis


  One of the quadriceps femoris muscle's four muscle divisions that's further away from the midline of the body. It occupies the sides and the front of the thigh.

  
• Vastus Medialis


  One of the quadriceps femoris muscle's four muscle divisions that's closer to the midline of the body. It occupies the sides and the front of the thigh.

  
• Sartorius


  A long, narrow muscle running obliquely across the front of each thigh from the hipbone to the inside of the leg below the knee.

  
• Tibialis Anterior


  An elongated, spindle-shaped muscle located on the front of the lower leg.

  
• Bursae


  pocket above the synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid, prevents tendons from rubbing

  
• Meniscus


  fibrocartilage pad to absorb and distribute force

  
• articular capsule


  surrounds ends of bones in a synovial joint, contains fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

  
• Synovial membrane


  delicate membrane of connective tissue that lines a joint cavity

  
• ligaments


  joins bone to bone, strengthens a connection while limiting movement in some direction

  
• Articular cartilage


  thin line of hyalin cartilage for a smooth surface where bones articulate

  
• Synovial fluid


  coats and lubricates articular cartilage to prevent friction damage during movement

  
• synovial joint


  freely movable joint in at least one direction
• Ball and Socket


  complete range of motion

  
• Pivot


  One bone pivots in the arch of another

  
• Hinge


  Like a door hinge, bending and extending