Watson and Rayner

• Who has been called the father of behaviorism?

  John B. Watson
• What did Watson maintain about shaping a child's behavior?

  Manipulating the environment
• What was the primary goal of Watson’s study?

  To measure human behaviour in a scientific way
• With what type of conditioning was Watson's study concerned?

  Classical conditioning
• What did Watson wonder about emotions in relation to conditioning?

  If emotions could also be conditioned
• What responses did Watson propose that we learn through conditioning?

  Fear, rage and love
• According to Watson, how do we acquire emotional responses?

  From experiences
• What was the aim of Watson's study regarding emotions?

  To test if emotions can be acquired
• What happens before classical conditioning?

  • White rat (CS): No response
  • This white rat is a neutral stimulus
• What happens during classical conditioning?

  • White rat + loud noise (CS + UCS): Fear response (CR)
• What happens after classical conditioning?

  • White rat (CS): Fear response (CR)
• How many participants were in Watson's study?

  One
• What was the age of the participant in Watson's study?

  Nine months
• What is the participant of Watson's study now known as?

  Little Albert
• What name was the participant in Watson's study referred to as?

  Albert B.
• Why is Watson's study considered a case study?

  Focus was only on Little Albert’s response
• Why is Watson's study also an experiment?

  There was only one condition
• What kind of investigation did Watson and Rayner set up?

  To determine the effect of certain stimuli
• What was the nature of the condition Watson and Rayner conducted?

  A controlled condition
• How could the Watson and Rayner study be described?

  A controlled observation
• What was used to record the responses in Watson and Rayner's study?

  A motion picture camera
• Before conditioning, what objects were Albert confronted with?

  Rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, masks
• What did Watson note about Albert's reaction to the objects before conditioning?

  Albert showed no fear
• What was used to create a loud sound in the experiment?

  Striking a hammer upon a steel bar
• How long and in diameter was the steel bar?

  Over one metre and 2cm
• In session 1, how old was Albert?

  11 months, 3 days
• In the first session, what happened when Albert reached for the white rat?

  The bar was struck behind his head
• In session 2, how old was Albert when he returned for testing?

  11 months, 10 days
• What was Albert shown in session 2 to see if the previous experience affected his behaviour?

  The rat with no sound
• In session 2, how many times was Albert exposed to the joint stimulation?

  Five times
• In session 3, how old was Albert?

  11 months, 15 days
• What was the research question in session 3?

  If learned link would be generalised
• What objects were presented to Albert in session 3?

  Rat, blocks, rabbit, dog, fur coat
• In session 4, how old was Albert?

  11 months, 20 days
• What was 'refreshed' using some 'joint stimulation' in session 4?

  Albert’s conditioned emotional response
• Where was Albert taken in session 4?

  A large well-lit lecture room
• In session 5, how old was Albert?

  12 months, 21 days
• What was involved in the final tests in session 5?

  Mask, fur coat, rat, rabbit, dog
• What did Albert show no response to before conditioning?

  Fear response to the objects
• What did hospital attendants and Albert’s mother report about Albert?

  They had never seen him fearful