Outcome

• After the Srebrenica Massacre, NATO decided that any further Serbian attacks would result immediately in air strikes against them.

  NATO also decided it would no longer wait for UN approval to carry these out.

  • Another attack on Sarajevo market led to 2 weeks of NATO attacks.
• Subsequent to the attack on Sarajevo market for the following time, UN removed all peacekeepers from surrounding areas so that Serbs could not take hostages.

  Serbs were also attacked by the Croatians.
• Finally the Serbs were ready to negotiate.

  • Dayton Police Accords, divided Bosnia into two:

  51% for Bosnian-Croats and Muslims.

  49% for Bosnian-Serbs

  This division was overseen by the USA.

  However, the image of the UN was very damaged in the USA and so their government did not want to play a large role in Dayton.
• The failure of the UN to protect the population of the 'Safe' area of Srebrenica did great damage to it's reputation.

  One reason why the USA wanted no role in Dayton accords

  • This still overshadows the UN's reputation today

  (had a big impact)
• However: some evidence of success for UN

  No fly zones + safe areas did save some lives

  Over 2.7 million Bosnians received humanitarian aid

  When the UN finally allowed NATO air strikes against the Serbs, the Serbs did agree to negotiate peace

  UN peacekeepers protected access to Sarajevo airport for humanitarian + peacekeeping efforts
• Evidence of UN failure

  No fly zones + safe areas were frequently violated

  UN peacekeepers taken hostage - limited ability to act

  Not enough UN peacekeepers to carry out all its policies

  Relations between UN and USA were bad (Dayton Accords)

  Image of UN severely damaged, especially by what happened in Srebrenica

  • Appeared weak and unable to resolve conflict
  • Brought on lack of support for UN peacekeeping from International governments

  Progress in Bosnia ultimately had relied on NATO and the USA