respiratory

• The nose contains fine bones on its side walls (the turbinates) that trap and warm air.
• They are covered in a moist ciliated mucous membrane, rich in capillaries.
• Goblet cells in the ciliated epithelial tissue secrete mucous to trap dust and bacteria and moistens the air
• air passage- Air is warmed and filtered by the ciliated epithelial cells. They sweep the mucous, dust and bacteria away from the airways, preventing their entry into the body
• The turbinates swell and shrink to regulate airflow through the nose. Infections such as a cold or allergies such as hayfever can lead to inflammation and congestion of the turbinates.
• air passage- They drain into the nasal passages and deliver clear mucus that also helps to humidify the air and trap dust and dirt.
• air passage- Inflammation of the sinuses (sinusitis) can occur when the drainage pathway becomes blocked. This can lead to infection of the sinuses.
• •The pharynx is the technical name for your throat. it is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. It continues to warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs.
• The larynx is the voice box. #When we speak, muscles in the larynx bring the vocal cords together and as the air rushes from our lungs out through the larynx, the vocal cords vibrate producing a sound.
• The larynx is the voice box. When we speak, muscles in the larynx bring the vocal cords together and as the air rushes from our lungs out through the larynx, the vocal cords vibrate producing a sound.
• epiglottis- This moveable cartilage flap prevents food entering the Trachea (windpipe) when swallowing so we do not choke.
• trachea-The cartilage rings in the trachea are c-shaped with the gap at the back against the oesophagus so the food bolus can fit down.
• Each lung is a pale pink smooth structure.Each lung is divided into lobes;

  •Right lung = 3 lobes

  •Left lung = 2 lobes

  The lungs have a spongy feel to them and are lined on the outside by a membrane called the pleura
• The pleura’s role is to cushion the lungs and reduce any friction between the lungs, ribcage and chest cavity. The pleura consists of a 2 layered membrane with a thin film of moisture between the layers known as pleural fluid
• Each bronchus repeatedly divides into bronchioles like the branches of a tree.They carry oxygen rich air into the lungs and carry carbon dioxide out of the lungs.The smooth muscle that surround the bronchioles can constrict and dilate the airway which can aid in getting the correct amount of oxygen into the blood
• The walls of the trachea and bronchi are covered in ciliated epithelial cells as well as goblet cells that produce mucus.The cilia contain proteins that can contract causing a wave like movement.The mucus traps dirt and bacteria and the cilia moves the mucus back up the trachea to the throat where it is swallowed so that any bacteria are destroyed by the acid in the stomach.
• alveoli- They are made of a single layer of epithelial cells, this means there is a short diffusion pathway so it makes it easy for blood to get into the red blood cells in the capillary and for carbon dioxide to be released from the blood into the lungs for us to breathe out.