part 3

• The state provides security against external aggressions and war by maintaining an army with the mission to "organize, train, equip, deploy and sustain ground forces in the conduct of support to operations to "win the peace" in order to help the Filipino nation create an environment conducive for sustainable development and just and lasting peace.
• A military reserve force is a military organization whose members have military and civilian occupations and are not normally kept under arms, with their main role being to be available when their military requires additional manpower.
• The state ensures security against internal disturbances, disorder and crimes by maintaining police.
• Citizenship requires allegiance to a country to which one is a citizen, which must be absolute and undivided, to avoid the situation where a dual citizen may support the "national interest" of the countries where they have citizenships if their interests collide, particularly in times of war.
• The state conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and economic relations.
• The state secures the goals of national interest in international relations.
• Police officers have four major responsibilities: enforcing laws, preventing crimes, responding to emergencies, and providing support services.
• Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more.
• The state issues and regulates currency and coinage.
• It is unlawful to willfully deface, mutilate, tear, burn or destroy, in any manner whatsoever, currency notes and coins issued by the BSP, pursuant to Presidential Decree No 247.
• Economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) include the rights to adequate food, to adequate housing, to education, to health, to social security, to take part in cultural life, to water and sanitation, and to work.
• Citizenship is defined as the legal nationality of a person.
• Filipino citizens are entitled to exercise all the fundamental rights and duties, such as casting a vote, paying government taxes and protecting the country from corruption.
• There are two kinds of Filipino citizens: natural-born Filipino citizen and naturalized Filipino citizen.
• The acquisition of citizenship follows the jus sanguinis principle, where blood relationship is the basis for the acquisition of citizenship.
• A newly-born child follows the citizenship of his parents.
• In contrast with the jus soli or jus loci principle, a newly-born child follows the citizenship of the State where he was born irrespective of the citizenship of his parents.
• A natural-born Filipino citizen generally is one who was born with one of his parents, or both, is a Filipino citizen.
• A natural-born Filipino citizen specifically is one who does not have to perform any act to acquire his Philippine citizenship.
• Those who elect citizenship in accordance with paragraph 3, section 1 hereof shall also be deemed natural-born citizens.
• A naturalized Filipino citizen is one who underwent the naturalization process under the law of the Philippines.
• Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political community of a State and giving him the rights and privileges of citizenship.
• When a person is naturalized, he already renounced his former citizenship, therefore, his allegiance is now on the State where he was naturalized.
• The Revised Naturalization Act (CA No. 473, as amended) is the current naturalization law of the Philippines.
• The ways of acquiring Filipino citizenship by naturalization are: by judgment of the court, by direct act of Congress, and by administrative proceedings.
• Dual citizenship refers to the possession of two citizenships by an individual, that of his original citizenship and that of the country where he became a naturalized citizen.
• Dual allegiance refers to the continued allegiance of a naturalized citizen to their mother country even after acquiring Filipino citizenship.
• The Philippine government prohibits dual allegiance.
• Section 5, Article IV of the 1987 Constitution declares that “dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interests and shall be dealt with by law”.
• Dual allegiance is not prohibited, however, it may be regulated or restricted by Philippine laws where it is conducive or could deal to dual allegiance.
• These agencies concentrate on the growth, progression, and advancement of specific concerns, which can be infrastructure or social institutions.
• Non-state institutions are people and/or organizations that participate in international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nation.
• Non-state institutions include bank and corporations, cooperatives and trade unions, transnational advocacy groups, and development agencies.
• State institutions are endorsed and supported by a central state, and part of the formal state structure.
• Non-state institutions are groups and organizations which operate outside the support of any state or government.
• Bank is a financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers.
• Banks are in operation mainly for their deposits and lending functions.
• Customers are allowed to deposit their money to banks which grow through an interest rate.
• Banks also provide loans, with an interest to customers who need money either for personal consumption or for investment and businesses.
• The two most well-known financial institutions that are actively shaping the socioeconomic development of the Philippines are the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank.