Atomic Model Evolution

• What year was Erwin Schrödinger's quantum model of the atom proposed?

  1926
• How does Schrödinger's quantum model differ from Bohr's model?

  Schrödinger stated that electrons do not move in set paths around the nucleus, but instead we have "clouds of probability" called orbitals
• How do Dalton's and Thomson's models of the atom differ?

  Dalton used bricks; Thomson used cookies
• What did Dalton say about bricks of the same element?

  They are all the same
• What do the chocolate chips represent in Thomson's model?

  Electrons scattered inside
• What is a key idea of Dalton's atomic model regarding elements?

  Elements are made of identical atoms
• What can the bricks do according to Dalton?

  They can connect to make new things
• In what year was the electron discovered?

  1897
• How does the Rutherford model depict the structure of an atom?

  The atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons
• Who discovered the electron?

  J.J. Thomson
• What was a key difference between Dalton's model and Thomson's findings?

  Thomson showed atoms had internal structure
• Which microscope would be best suited to observe the detailed surface structure of a cell?

  Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• What is the name of the second model shown in the image?

  Rutherford model
• What does the bouncing back of some alpha particles indicate?

  The nucleus is small and dense
• Which microscope would be best suited to observe the detailed surface structure of a cell?

  Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• What did Dalton compare atoms to?

  LEGO bricks
• What are the differences between protons and neutrons in the Rutherford atomic model?

  • Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral
  • Protons contribute to the positive charge of the nucleus
  • Neutrons do not contribute to the charge of the nucleus
  • Protons and neutrons together make up the nucleus
• What are the energy levels and their characteristics in the Bohr model?

  | Level | Distance from Nucleus | Energy |

  |---|---|---|

  | 1 | Nearest | Lowest |

  | 2 | Further | Higher |

  | 3 | Further still | Highest |
• How does the plum pudding model visualize the structure of an atom?

  Like raisins in pudding
• What is the role of the nucleus in the Rutherford atomic model?

  • The nucleus contains the protons and neutrons
  • It is the dense, positively charged center of the atom
  • The electrons orbit around the nucleus
• What are the key features of the Bohr model regarding energy levels?

  • Electrons occupy specific orbits
  • Each orbit corresponds to a fixed energy level
  • Atoms absorb or emit specific energy amounts during orbit changes
• What does the plum pudding model depict about electrons?

  Electrons are embedded in a positive cloud
• What are the main components of the Rutherford atomic model shown in the image?

  Nucleus, protons, neutrons, electron orbits, electrons
• What is the relationship between distance from the nucleus and energy levels in the Bohr model?

  Further orbits have higher energy levels
• If an atom has 3 protons and 4 neutrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

  • Atomic number = 3 (number of protons)
  • Mass number = 7 (number of protons + neutrons)
• What is the Solid Sphere Model of the atom proposed by John Dalton in 1803?

  • Atoms are solid, indivisible spheres
  • Atoms of the same element are identical
  • Atoms of different elements have different properties
  • Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds
• What did Dalton's solid sphere model propose about atoms?

  Atoms are tiny, indestructible spheres
• Where do electrons reside in Rutherford's atomic model?

  In empty space orbiting the nucleus
• What is the cookie model of the atom proposed by Thomson?

  • Electrons are like chocolate chips
  • Positive cloud is the cookie dough
• What year did Erwin Schrödinger propose the quantum model of the atom?

  1926
• What are the components of the nucleus according to Rutherford's model?

  Protons and neutrons
• How does the Bohr model differ from the modern quantum mechanical model of the atom?

  • Bohr model depicts electrons in circular orbits, while quantum model describes electrons in probabilistic wave functions
  • Bohr model has discrete energy levels, while quantum model has a continuous range of energy levels
  • Bohr model is a simplified classical model, while quantum model is based on quantum mechanics
• What does Dalton's model say about how atoms interact?

  Atoms combine to form compounds
• What was Dalton's idea about elements?

  Each element has its own special brick
• What does the Bohr model of the atom show about electrons?

  Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific orbits
• Quelle expérience a réalisé Rutherford pour découvrir la structure de l'atome ?

  Il a lancé des boules de ping-pong sur une feuille d'or
• How are the electrons arranged in the Rutherford atomic model?

  • Electrons orbit around the nucleus in defined electron orbits
  • The electron orbits are represented by the yellow rings in the image
  • The electrons occupy these orbits at specific energy levels
• What does the image in the study material illustrate?

  The evolution to Schrödinger's quantum model
• Why do atoms only absorb or emit specific amounts of energy?

  Due to electrons changing orbits between energy levels
• How do different elements differ according to Dalton's model?

  Different elements have different atoms