Heating Systems: Energy and Temperature

• What components of a car illustrate the concept of a system?

  Engine, wheels, and steering wheel interact to drive
• How does increased kinetic energy affect temperature?

  Temperature rises
• How does a phone exemplify a system?

  It has parts like screen and processor working together
• What is the process by which a solid transitions to a liquid state?

  Melting
• How does stirring a hot chocolate affect its internal energy?

  • Increases internal energy
  • Mixes cocoa and milk
  • Distributes energy evenly
  • Warms the drink overall
• How does heating water in a pot illustrate the concept of internal energy?

  • Heat is added to water molecules
  • Molecules move more rapidly
  • Internal energy increases
  • Temperature of water rises
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• What is a phase change?

  Change between states of matter
• What is the process of a solid turning into a liquid called?

  Melting
• How does adding heat energy affect internal energy?

  It increases the internal energy
• What is the process by which a liquid transitions to a gas state?

  Evaporation
• Why do phase changes occur when heating a substance?

  Increased energy overcomes particle forces
• At what temperature does water boil?

  100°C
• What is the definition of a system?

  A group of things working together as one unit
• What happens to the internal energy of boiling water when heated?

  It increases, raising the temperature until boiling
• What happens to the temperature during sublimation?

  Remains constant until complete
• How does an increase in internal energy affect particle movement?

  Particles move faster
• What happens to ice when it is heated?

  It melts into liquid water due to increased energy
• What happens to the temperature during evaporation?

  Remains constant until complete
• Why is studying a system important?

  It helps us understand how parts interact and function
• How does increased internal energy affect particles during phase changes?

  Causes them to move further apart
• What does temperature measure in a substance?

  Kinetic energy of the substance
• What are the three main phase changes and their processes?

  • Solid to Liquid: Melting
  • Liquid to Gas: Evaporation
  • Solid to Gas: Sublimation
• What are the three states of matter involved in phase changes?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• What is the temperature effect during phase changes?

  • Remains constant until complete for all phase changes
• What is the process of a liquid turning into a gas called?

  Evaporation
• What occurs when you boil water?

  Heat is added, increasing molecular movement
• How does adding heat affect the total energy of a system?

  It boosts the total energy, including kinetic energy
• What types of energy are included in internal energy?

  Kinetic and potential energy
• What happens to kinetic energy when internal energy increases?

  Kinetic energy increases
• How do the phase changes in the image relate to the concept of latent heat?

  • Phase changes involve the absorption or release of latent heat
  • Melting and evaporation require the absorption of latent heat
  • Freezing and condensation release latent heat
  • Sublimation both absorbs and releases latent heat
• What happens to particles when heat energy is added?

  Particles move faster, increasing kinetic energy
• What is the process of a solid turning directly into a gas called?

  Sublimation
• What is internal energy in a system?

  Total energy within a system
• What is kinetic energy?

  Energy that makes particles move faster
• What happens to the temperature during melting?

  Remains constant until complete
• What are the key phase changes shown in the image?

  • Freezing (liquid to solid)
  • Deposition (gas to solid)
  • Melting (solid to liquid)
  • Evaporation (liquid to gas)
  • Condensation (gas to liquid)
  • Sublimation (solid to gas)
• What can happen if internal energy exceeds the forces holding particles together?

  It can cause phase changes between states of matter
• What are the effects of heating a system and their explanations?

  • Increased Internal Energy: Total energy increases
  • Raised Temperature: Particles move faster
  • Potential Phase Changes: Internal energy overcomes bonding forces
• What happens to particles when you heat a substance?

  They move faster and gain kinetic energy