Inheritance, Variation and Evolution

• What 4 things does asexual reproduction involve?

  It involves only one parent , no fusion of gametes , The production of clones and mitosis
• Why do gardeners use asexual reproduction with plants?

  To produce large numbers of identical plants
• How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?

  They send out runners (long shoots) that touch the ground and grow a new plant
• How do daffodils reproduce asexually?

  They produce lots of smaller bulbs , which can turn into new plants
• What do fungi use to reproduce asexually?

  Spores
• How do malarial protists reproduce asexually?

  They reproduce asexually when they are in the human host
• What does sexual reproduction involve?

  The fusion of male and female gametes
• What 2 cells are fused together in animal sexual reproduction?

  Sperm and egg cells
• What 2 cells are fused together in flowering plant sexual reproduction?

  Pollen and egg cells
• What does sexual reproduction lead to?

  The mixing of genetic information, and this produces variation in offspring
• What does the formation of gametes involve?

  Meiosis
• What happens when a cell divides by Meiosis?

  1 - Copies of the genetic information are made. 2 - The cell divides twice to form four gametes that all have a single set of chromosomes . 3 - All gametes are genetically different to each other
• Why is Meiosis important?

  It halves the number of chromosomes in gametes. This means that fertilisation can restore the full number of chromosomes .
• What happens when the egg cell becomes fertilized (After Meiosis)?

  The resulting cell divides rapidly by mitosis and cells become specialised (by differentiation)
• What chemical is the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell made up of?

  DNA
• What is the name of the structures that DNA is contained in?

  Chromosomes
• What are genes?

  Small sections of DNA on a chromosome