OTPF4-DOMAIN

• The cornerstones of occupational therapy practice are identified and described as foundational to the success of occupational therapy practitioners.
• Client factors are specific capacities, characteristics, or beliefs that reside within the person, group, or population and influence performance in occupations.
• Spirituality is a deep experience of meaning brought about by engaging in occupations that involve the enacting of personal values and beliefs, reflection, and intention within a supportive contextual environment.
• Beliefs are “something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion….”
• Social interaction skills refer to how effectively a person uses both verbal and nonverbal skills to communicate, which includes initiating and terminating, producing, physically supporting, shaping content of, maintaining flow of, verbally supporting, and adapting social interaction.
• Process skills refer to how effectively a person organizes objects, time, and space, which includes sustaining performance, applying knowledge, organizing timing, organizing space and objects, and adapting performance.
• Values are acquired beliefs and commitments, derived from culture, about what is good, right, and important to do.
• Body functions are the physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions).
• Body structures are anatomical parts of the body, such as organs, limbs, and their components, that support body function.
• Work is labor or exertion related to the development, production, delivery, or management of objects or services, with benefits that may be financial or nonfinancial.
• Social participation activities involve social interaction with others, including family, friends, peers, and community members, and that support social interdependence.
• Leisure is a nonobligatory activity that is intrinsically motivated and engaged in during discretionary time, that is, time not committed to obligatory occupations such as work, self-care, or sleep.
• Rest and sleep activities are related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support healthy, active engagement in other occupations.
• Activities of daily living (ADLs) are activities oriented toward taking care of one’s own body and completed on a routine basis.
• Education activities are needed for learning and participating in the educational environment.
• Environmental factors are aspects of the physical, social, and attitudinal surroundings in which people live and conduct their lives.
• Play is an activity that is intrinsically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen and that may include suspension of reality, exploration, humor, risk taking, contests, and celebrations.
• Health management activities are related to developing, managing, and maintaining health and wellness routines, including self-management, with the goal of improving or maintaining health to support participation in other occupations.
• Context is a broad construct defined as the environmental and personal factors specific to each client that influence engagement and participation in occupations.
• Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are activities to support daily life within the home and community.
• Routines are patterns of behavior that are observable, regular, and repetitive and that provide structure for daily life.
• Internal influences affecting functioning and disability and are not considered positive or negative, but rather reflect the essence of the person—“who they are” are also referred to as personal factors.
• Upbringing and life experiences, habits and past and current behavioral patterns, psychological assets, temperament, unique character traits, and coping styles are also examples of personal factors.
• Rituals are symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural, or social meaning contributing to the client’s identity and reinforcing values and beliefs.
• Environmental factors can either enable or restrict participation in meaningful occupations and can present barriers to or supports and resources for service delivery.
• Unique features of a person that are not part of a health condition or health state and that constitute the particular background of the person’s life and living are referred to as personal factors.
• Performance patterns refer to the habits, routines, roles, and rituals that may be associated with different lifestyles and used in the process of engaging in occupations or activities.
• Habits are specific, automatic behaviors performed repeatedly, relatively automatically, and with little variation.
• Motor skills refer to how effectively a person moves self or interacts with objects, which includes positioning the body, obtaining and holding objects, moving self and objects, and sustaining performance.
• Performance skills refer to observable, goal-directed actions and consist of motor skills, process skills, and social interaction skills.
• Roles are aspects of identity shaped by culture and context that may be further conceptualized and defined by the client and the activities and occupations one engages in.
• Chronological age, sexual orientation, gender identity, race and ethnicity, cultural identification and attitudes, social background, social status, and socioeconomic status are examples of personal factors.
• The domain of occupational therapy outlines the profession’s purview and the areas in which its members have an established body of knowledge and expertise.
• The process of occupational therapy describes the actions practitioners take when providing services that are client centered and focused on engagement in occupations.
• Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 2006, p 1)
• Well-being is defined as a general term encompassing the total universe of human life domains, including physical, mental, and social aspects” (WHO, 2006, p 211)
• Participation is defined as involvement in a life situation
• Engagement in occupation is defined as the performance of occupations as the result of choice, motivation, and meaning within a supportive context (including environmental and personal factors).
• Occupations are everyday activities that people do as individuals, in families, and with communities to occupy time and bring meaning and purpose to life.