The structure of the heart/its function

• What does the inferior vena cava do?

  Carries deoxygenated bloof back to the heart frin respiring cells of the lower body
• Where is the inferior vena cava located?

  On the bottom right of the heart, to the side of the right ventricle
• What does the bicsupid (mitral) valve do?

  Seperates the left atria from the left ventricle, preventing backflow and building pressure
• Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located?

  In the middle of the left atria and left ventricle
• What does the left pulmonary artery do?

  Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, towards the lungs.
• Where is the left pulmonary artery found?

  Above the semi-lunar valve, beside the left artium
• What is the function of the right atrium?

  Contracts to pump blood into the right ventricle
• Where is the right atrium located

  At the top of the right side of the heart
• What is the function of the septum?

  Seperates the left and right side of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What is the function of the semi-lunar valve?

  The semilunar valves are located at the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta, and their primary function is to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles after contraction
• Where are the semi-lunar valves located?

  Located at the exits of the ventricles (two semi-lunar valves) right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.and Located between the left ventricle and the aorta
• What is the function of the aorta?

  Pumps blood to the rest of the body
• Why are the walls of the aorta thick?

  As they have to pump blood to the rest of the body at high pressures
• Why do multicellular animals need transport mechanisms?

  Large Size → Diffusion is Too Slow, High Metabolic Demand, Maintaining a Steady Internal Environment (Homeostasis)
• What are the main features of a transport system?

  Suitable medium to carry materials (such as blood), a pump for moving blood (such as the heart), valves to maintain the flow of blood in one direction
• What additional features do some systems have?

  Respiratory pigment (such as haemoglobin), in vertebrates and some invertebrates, not insects, system of vessels with a branching network to distribute the transport medium to other parts of the body
• What is an open circulatory system?

  Blood does not move through the body in vessels, but bathes tissues directly while held in a cavity called the haemocel
• What organisms have an open circulatory system?

  Insects - oxygen diffuses directly to the tissues from the tracheoles so the blood vessels do not transport oxygen/no respiratory pigment present
• What is a closed circulatory system?

  Blood moves through the body in blood vessels.
• What are the twp types of closed circulatory systems?

  Single circulation and double circulatiomn
• What is a single circualtory system?

  Blood moves through the heart once in its passage around the body - fish have a single circulatory system
• What is a double circulatory system?

  Blood passes through the heart twice in its circuit around the body - Humans have a double ciruclatory system
• What are the two types of double circulatory systems?

  Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  Serves the lungs - right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left side of the heart
• What is systemic circulation?

  Serves body tissues - left side of the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to the tissues. Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the right side of the heart
• Blood flow through heart>

  Vicky Runs Past Really Pretty Little Apples"

  • V → Vena Cava (Deoxygenated blood enters heart)
  • R → Right Atrium
  • P → Pulmonary Valve
  • R → Right Ventricle
  • P → Pulmonary Artery (Blood goes to lungs)
  • L → Pulmonary Vein (Oxygenated blood from lungs)
  • L → Left Atrium
  • A → Left Ventricle
  • A → Aorta (Blood to body)