Alcohols

• what are alcohols functional groups?

  Hydroxyl group (OH)
• What is the general formula of an alcohol?

  CnH2n+1OH
• What are the physical properties of alcohols?

  Alcohols have hydrogen bonds between molecules, this means that they are soluble in water, as the carbons increase the solubility also increases because there are more OH functional groups
• What are trends in alcohols?

  As carbon chain length increases the boiling point increases, solubility also increases
• What is a primary alcohol?

  It is when the alcohol group is attached to 2 Hydrogens and one alkyl group
• What is a secondary alcohol?

  It is when an alcohol has 2 alkyl groups and one hydrogen bonded to the carbon
• What is a tertiary alcohol?

  It is when an alcohol has no hydrogens bonded to the carbons it only has alkyl groups
• What does the combustion of alcohols produce?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What can primary alcohols be oxidised into?

  Aldehydes and Carboxylic acids
• what is the equation for the preparation aldehydes?

  Primary Alcohol + Oxidising agent -->(K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 at reflux) Forms an aldehyde or carboxylic acid and water
• What does a secondary alcohol form when oxidised?

  it forms ketone and water
• Do tertiary alcohols undergo oxidation reactions?

  No
• What is dehydration?

  It is the removal of water from the starting material, it is an example od an elimination reaction
• example of a dehydration?

  cyclohexanol turning into cyclohexene and water
• Subsititution reactions of alcohols?

  Alcohols react with hydrogen halides to form haloalkanes and water
• How do alcohols make haloalkanes?

  Subsititution reaction, Halide ion and acid catalyst
• What does dehydration of alcohols form?

  Forms an alkene, including the use of an acid catalyst, this is done by an elimination reaction
• What can oxidation of alcohols form?

  They form aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid
• What are the conditions for oxidation of alcohols?

  Acidified potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 O7)
• What happens to the chromate ions in the oxidation reactions?

  It will turn from an orange colour to a green colour
• What do oxidation of primary alcohols form?

  They form aldehydes and then if oxidised again they form carboxylic acids
• What do oxidation of secondary alcohols form?

  It forms a ketone
• What do tertiary alcohols form?

  They don't form anything
• How are oxidising agents shown in equations?

  [O]