Neural and hormonal mechanism

• What is the focus of the study material?

  Neural and hormonal mechanisms in eating behavior
• What role does the hormone released from the stomach play?

  It increases feelings of hunger
• What is released from fatty tissue into the bloodstream?

  Hormones
• How do hormone levels change when a person is hungry?

  They rise when hungry and fall when eating
• What is the relationship between hunger and satiety hormones?

  Hunger hormones increase, while satiety hormones suppress eating
• What is the effect of hormones on feelings of satiety?

  They suppress feelings of hunger
• What happens to hunger levels after eating?

  Hunger levels decrease
• If a person is experiencing increased hunger, what might be happening with their hormone levels?

  Hunger hormones are likely elevated
• How do neural mechanisms interact with hormonal signals in eating behavior?

  They coordinate to regulate hunger and satiety
• What initiates feelings of hunger?

  Eating begins
• What happens to ghrelin and leptin levels when hunger is felt?

  Ghrelin decreases, leptin increases
• Which part of the brain is activated when hunger is felt?

  Lateral hypothalamus
• What happens to ghrelin and leptin levels when satiety is felt?

  Ghrelin increases, leptin decreases
• What indicates feelings of satiety?

  Eating stops
• What are the clinical characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa according to the DSM?

  • Anxiety
  • Body-image distortion
  • Amenorrhea
  • Fear of weight gain
  • Restriction of energy intake
• What is the definition of Anorexia Nervosa?

  Extreme loss of weight and anxiety about food
• What does body-image distortion refer to in Anorexia Nervosa?

  Discrepancy in the perception of weight
• What is amenorrhea in the context of Anorexia Nervosa?

  Absence of menstruation
• What does the fear of weight gain entail for individuals with Anorexia Nervosa?

  Fear of becoming fat
• What does restriction of energy intake mean in Anorexia Nervosa?

  Limiting food intake significantly
• What are the issues related to surgical procedures in brain studies?

  • Predicting the exact brain region is difficult
  • Limited to one brain area
  • Damage may already exist in subjects
  • Aggressive behavior in animal models
• What are the limitations of using animal models in research?

  • Aggressive behavior in rats
  • Non-replicable results in humans
  • Difficulty in measuring true nature of behavior
• What is the significance of hormonal and neural sensors in caring behavior?

  • They show true nature of caring behavior
  • Biological factors are important
  • Non-biological factors may also be significant
• What is the importance of extrapolation to humans in research?

  • Understanding human behavior
  • Applying findings from animal studies
  • Addressing limitations of animal models
• What are the emerging factors related to lifestyle and eating behavior?

  • Evolutionary influences
  • Testosterone's role in social signals
  • Natural signals related to lifestyle
• What are the implications of ignoring hormonal factors in research?

  • May overlook important biological influences
  • Could lead to incomplete understanding
  • Essential for comprehensive models