cognitive

• one assumption is that behaiour is a product of information processing. Input, mental processing, output
• one assumption is that the brain works like a computer
• sensory memory is very brief but has a high capacity and is visual or acoustic
• short term memory is short around 30s and is limited around 7 +,- 2 items and is visual and mainly acoustic
• long term memory can last a life time and the capacity is practically unlimited. It is semantic- based on meaning
• the multi store memory model is when the information has to be rehearsed to be stored in the short term memory then encoding and retrieval has to happen for long term memory
• remembering is the activity of retrieving information from a memory store
• recognition is a form of memory retrival where you identify something based on previous experience
• free recall is when you generate information without a cue
• cued recall is when a cue assists retrieval of information
• meaningful cues is when you hear cue you will rememeber things about it such as an experience of feeling
• cues without meaning may be due to something happening at the time you learn so when that happens again its a cue to lesson
• reconstructive memory is when we adapt information to fit our schema
• schema is mental structures that we use to organise knowledge about the world that guide our decisions and behaviours
• shortening is when part of the memory is left out making it shorter
• rationalisation is when parts of the memory is distorted and adapted to fit your schema to make the memory meaningful
• confabulation is when details are added to memory to fill in the gaps
• cognitive priming is when we notice a stimuli more quickly when we see or hear a related stimulus first
• repetition priming is when we process a stimulus more quickly for recall later more than you would have done before
• semantic priming is when two stimuli mean the same thing or have similar features
• associative priming is when a prime and the later stimulus are related but not semantically- no meaning
• cognitive scripts are our knowledge of behaviours that are stored in memory that tell us how to behaviour in social situations
• memory scripts are our knowledge of behaviours in social situations that influence our memory as we remeber events that are similar to our scripts
• person perception is information stored in memory about which personality characteristics often go together which guides our perception of people
• cognitive biases are distorted schemas that we create that guide our behaviours and decision making
• confirmation bias is when we pay more attention to information that supports our schemas and ignore other information
• fundamental attribution error is when we explain reasons for other people behaviour and we focus on person characteristics and overlook the situation
• hostile attribution error is when we assume that someones behaviour is aggressive when it is acutally neutral