week 1

• What is the cause of a disease called?

  Aetiology
• What does pathogenesis refer to?

  Mechanisms causing the disease
• What are the structural and functional features of a disease called?

  Pathological & Clinical manifestations
• What are complications in the context of disease?

  Secondary effects of a disease
• What does prognosis refer to?

  The outcome of a disease
• What does epidemiology study?

  Incidence, prevalence, and population
• What is the initiator of the cause of subsequent events resulting in illness called?

  Aetiology
• What are the two types of genetic aetiology?

  Inherited and acquired
• What are the environmental factors that can cause disease?

  Microbes, chemicals, and physical agents
• What does multifactorial aetiology mean?

  Caused by multiple factors
• What term describes diseases with unknown aetiology?

  Idiopathic
• What are some risk factors for diseases?

  Smoking, age, certain occupation
• What is pathogenesis in relation to disease?

  Mechanisms causing pathological manifestations
• What is inflammation in the context of pathogenesis?

  Response to microorganisms and harmful agents
• What does degeneration refer to in pathogenesis?

  Failure to adapt to a variety of agents
• What is carcinogenesis?

  Development of tumors
• What are symptoms in the context of disease?

  What the patient suffers from
• What are signs in the context of disease?

  Observable indicators like body temp
• What is a syndrome?

  Aggregate of signs and symptoms
• What are lesions?

  Structural or functional abnormalities
• What are complications in disease?

  Prolonged secondary or distant effects
• What does prognosis indicate?

  Anticipated outcome of a disease
• What does morbidity refer to?

  Incidence of illness in a population
• What does mortality indicate?

  Probability that the disease ends in death
• What does prevalence refer to?

  Total number of cases
• What is a disease?

  A condition causing a loss of normal health
• What characterizes primary disease?

  Appears without apparent cause
• What characterizes secondary diseases?

  Caused by some underlying lesion
• How is an acute disease defined?

  Rapid onset often followed by rapid resolution
• What is a chronic disease?

  A prolonged course lasting months or years
• What defines benign tumors?

  Remain localized to the tissue of origin
• What defines malignant tumors?

  Invade and spread from their origin
• What are the prefixes used in medical terminology and their meanings?

  • Ana: absence
  • Dys: disordered
  • Hyper: excess over normal
  • Hypo: below normal
  • Meta: change state
  • Neo: new
• What are the suffixes used in medical terminology and their meanings?

  • Itis: inflammatory process
  • Oma: tumour
  • Osis: abnormal increase
  • Oid: resemblance to
  • Plasia: disorder of growth
  • Opathy: abnormal state lacking specific characteristics
• What are eponymous names in medicine?

  Diseases named after a person or place
• What causes genetic diseases?

  Abnormalities in the genome
• What are acquired diseases caused by?

  Environmental factors such as pollution
• How are genetic diseases inherited?

  Inherited from parents or genetic mutation
• What defines non-genetic diseases?

  External interference with normal development
• What are the categories of acquired diseases?

  • Inflammatory
  • Haemodynamic
  • Growth disorders
  • Injury and disordered repair
  • Disordered immunity
  • Metabolic and degenerative disorders