Industrial Revolution

• The first industrial revolution: mechanization
• The second industrial revolution: mass production
• The third industrial revolution: automation
• Mechanization: created new manufacturing activities such as producing steel, textiles, tools, etc.
• Applied mass production along assembly line which scaled up manufacturing output
• 1767: spinning machine
• 1769: steam engine
• 1787: steamboat
• 1814: Railroad
• 1817: bicycle
• 1829: typewriter
• 1749: invention of the lightening rod by Benjamin Franklin
• 1769: invention of the spinning jenny by James Hargreaves
• 1794- invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney
• 1844- invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse
• 1846- invention of the sewing machine by Elias Howe
• 1853- invention of the elevator safety break by Elisha Otis
• 1855- Henry Bessemer invents a process for making steel out of iron
• 1866 invention of the dynamite by Alfred Noble
• 1868 invention of the typewriter by Christopher Sholes
• 1870 Louis Pasteur develops vaccines for diseases
• Nicolaus Copernicus - in 1543, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is often cited as marking the beginning of the scientific revolution
• William Gilbert - published books On the Magnet and Magnet Bodies, and the Great Magnet the Earth in 1600, which laid the foundations of a theory of magnetism and electricity
• Tycho Brahe - known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observation
• Johannes Kepler - published the first 2 of his 3 laws of planetary motion in 1609
• Francis Bacon - published Novum Organum in 1620, which outlined a new system of logic based on the process of reduction, which he offered as an improvement over Aristotle's philosophical process of syllogism
• Galileo Galilei - first Italian astronomer who demonstrated that a projectile follows parabolic path
• Rene Descartes - published the Discourse on the Method in 1637, which helped to establish the scientific method
• Antoine van Leewenhoek - Constructed powerful single lens microscope and made observation opening up the microworld of biology
• Isaac Newton - Law of universal and Newton's three laws of Motion
• Alexander Koyre - Introduced the term "Scientific Revolution" centering his analysis on Galelei, and the terms was popularized by butterfield in his origin of modern science
• John Locke - Argued that human mind has blank tablet
• Robert Boyle - One of the founders of modern chemistry
• Hans Lippershey, Zacharias Janssen, Jacob Metius - inventors of refracting telescopes
• Evangelista Torricelli - invented mercury barometer