NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Cards (94)
- two types of cell found in nervous system
- cells in the NS that support the activities of neurons
- these cells are generally categorized by size
- large varieties of glia cells
- star shaped glia cells that provide structural and nutritional support for neurons
- glia cell found in CNS that is involved in isolation of the synapse, debris clean up, blood brain barrier, and chemical signaling
- cube-shaped cells found in the lining of the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord that is involved in moving CSF, regulating stem cells, and acting as firewall against viruses
- glia cell found in CNS responsible for myelination of axons
- glia cell found in PNS responsible for myelination of axons
- glia cell found in CNS responsible for cleaning up debris and synapse removal
- brain's own dedicated immune system
- cells that are specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals
- structure of neuron that forms a boundary between the cell and its external environment
- an ion that uses energy to transfer three sodium ions to the extracellular fluid for every two potassium ions retrieved from the extracellular fluid.
- protein structure embedded in the neural membrane that uses energy to move calcium ions out of the cell
- the structural support that maintains the shape of the neuron is provided by the cytoskeleton
- the largest type of fiber in the cell cytoskeleton that is responsible for the transport of neurochemicals and other products to and from the cell body
- neural fiber found in the cell cytoskeleton that is responsible for structural support
- the smallest fiber found in the cell cytoskeleton that may participate in the changing of the length and shape of axons and dendrites
- movement of materials from the cell body of a neuron to the axon terminal along the microtubules
- movement of materials from the axon terminal back to the cell body via the cell’s system of microtubules
- the main mass of a neuron, containing the nucleus and many organelles that is specialized to participate in the information processing and communication functions of the neuron
- small structures within a cell that carries out a specific function
- the most prominent structure in the cell body which contains the DNA that directs the cell’s function
- nucleus’ substructure that builds ribosomes
- produces proteins either on their own or in association with the endoplasmic reticulum
- organelle that has many ribosomes bound to its surface which plays a role in protein synthesis
- folded membrane with no ribosomes attached that plays a role in the synthesis of fat
- organelle that inserts the completed proteins into vesicles, or small packages made out of membrane material
- organelle that extract oxygen and pyruvic acid from sugar in the intracellular fluid and construct and release molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy source for the neuron
- serve as locations at which information from other neurons is received
- receptor sites that interact with molecules of neurochemicals released by adjacent neurons that float across the synaptic gap
- A fluid-filled space between the transmitting and receiving neurons, or with molecules of neurochemicals that diffuse from other parts of the nervous system
- knobs found in dendrites that provide additional locations for synapses to occur.
- responsible for carrying messages to other neurons
- the cone-shaped segment of axon that lies at the junction of the axon and the cell body
- fatty insulating material covering some axons that boosts the speed and efficiency of electrical signaling