Earthenware and Stoneware

• The paste of Chinese brown ware is usually gray to white except for the famous Jian bowls of Fujian province which are made from very dark, coarse clay.
• Blue and white styles developed in the Ming period. The popular English Willow Tree pattern derives from that source, as do many Delft patterns from the Netherlands and contemporary patterns.
• The art of tin-glazing, discovered by the Assyrians and revived in Mesopotamia about the 9th century.
• 3 types of Tin-Glazed:

  1. Majolica
  2. Faience
  3. Delftware
• Majolica is a type of pottery in which an earthenware clay body (usually a red earthenware) is covered with an opaque white glaze.
• Faience is a tin-glazed earthenware made in France, Germany, Spain, and Scandinavia.
• Delftware also known as Delft Blue, is a general term now used for Dutch tin-glazed earthenware.
• Slip ware - in medieval England, pottery was made wherever suitable clay was to be found.
• Staffordshire - North Staffordshire became a center of ceramic production in the early 17th century, due to the local availability of clay, salt, lead and coal.
• Whieldon Ware is where Thomas Whieldon of Fenton, developed lead-glazed earthenware, using a mixture of white clay and ground flints, which came to be known as “cream ware”
• Agateware is pottery veined and mottled to resemble agate developed by Thomas Whieldon.
• Tortoishellware was a subdivision of the “clouded” (agate) ware made about 1755–60 at Staffordshire, especially by Thomas Whieldon. The brown colour of the tortoiseshell ware is derived from manganese oxide.
• Basaltes is a hard black vitreous stoneware, named after the volcanic rock basalt and manufactured by Josiah Wedgwood.
• Jasperware is an unglazed stoneware introduced by Wedgwood in 1775. Its name derives from the fact that it resembles the natural stone jasper in its hardness.