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• Basidiomycota is a group of microscopic and macroscopic fungi that include fungi commonly known as mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, earth stars, bird's nest fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, jelly fungi, rust fungi, and smut fungi.
• Basidium, like the ascus, is a cell where karyogamy and meiosis occur.
• Septate basidia are found in Tremellomycetes, which are longitudinally or transverse.
• Examples of Tremellomycetes include Tremellales and Tulasnellales.
• Dacrymycetes are fungi with tuning fork basidia which are deeply cleft.
• Holobasidium is an example of a Dacrymycetes fungus.
• Tremellomycetes, also known as Heterobasidiomycetes or Phragmobasidiomycetidae, are fungi classified as Jelly Fungi.
• Basidium is a cell that gives rise to externally produced basidiospores (meiospores).
• Basidium is found in the teleomorph.
• Basidium can have a morphology of clavate, cleft, septate, aseptate, furcate.
• Types of Basidium include Holobasidium, which is aseptate and single-celled, and Phragmobasidium, which is septate or segmented and has longitudinal or transverse septa.
• Mycelium can have a primary mycelium, which is Homokaryotic and arises from basidiospores, and a secondary mycelium, which is specialized and most common in nature, arises from plasmogamy (somatogamy).
• Plasmogamy is sometimes referred to as Somatogamy, and sometimes Conidiation or Spermatization occur.
• Septa is a complex pore known as the dolipore septum (barrel-shaped).
• Cell walls are made of chitin and B-glucans.
• The asexual stage of Basidiomycota fungi is present in many, but not all, species.
• Types of the asexual stage include conidia, arthrospores, chlamydospores, and other structures such as sclerotia.
• Metabasidium is where meiosis occurs.
• Pucciniomycotina have septal pores that are flared or not, and no pore cap, and the fungi in this group include Pucciniomycetes (or Urediniomycetes), which are Rusts and allied classes.
• Basidiospore formation involves the extensions of the cell wall of the basidium, usually four per basidium, and is commonly secondary homothallic.
• Epibasidum, also known as Sterigmata, are the extensions of the metabasidium.
• Basidiospores are forcibly discharged, usually in the hymenium, with an explosive discharge of gas (CO2), a water balloon, or water drop, and the distance shot is 0.1 to 1 mm.
• Basidiomycota are sexual spores, and basidiospores are the only type of spores found in this group.
• Probasidium is where karyogamy occurs, located in the distal portion of the basidium, also known as Epibasidium.
• Ustilaginomycotina have simple pores and no pore cap, and the fungi in this group include Ustilaginomycetes such as Smuts and Exobasidiomycetes.
• Statismospores are non-forcibly shot off, usually in the gleba, and the distance shot is 0.1 to 1 mm.
• Agaricomycotina have a dolipore septum and may or may not have a pore cap, and the fungi in this group include Agaricomycetes (Homobasidiomycetes or Holobasidiomycetidae), also known as Holobasidia, which include Agaricomycetidae and Phallomycetidae.