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• Non-verbal communication is a system consisting of a range of features often used together to aid expression. The combination of these features is often a subconscious choice made by native speakers or even sub-groups/sub-cultures within a language group.
• 12 main components of the system
• Kinesics (body language) - Body motions such as shrugs, foot tapping, drumming fingers, eye movements such as winking, facial expressions, and gestures
• Haptics - Touch
• Oculesics - Eye contact
• Olfactics - Smell
• Chronemics - Use of time
• Proxemics (proximity) - Use of space to signal privacy or attraction
• Paravocalics/Vocalics - Tone of voice, timbre, volume, speed
• Sound symbols - Grunting, mmm, er, ah, uh-huh, mumbling
• Silence - Pausing, waiting, secrecy
• Posture - Position of the body, stance
• Adornment - Clothing, jewelry, hairstyle
• Locomotion - Walking, running, staggering, limping
• Nonverbal communication can play five roles: Repetition, Contradiction, Substitution, Complementing, and Accenting.
• Repetition in nonverbal communication can reinforce the message being made verbally.
• Contradiction in nonverbal communication can indicate to the listener that the speaker may not be telling the truth.
• Substitution in nonverbal communication can substitute for a verbal message.
• Complementing in nonverbal communication can add to or complement the verbal message.
• Accenting in nonverbal communication can emphasize or underline the verbal message.
• How emotional awareness strengthens nonverbal communication:

  In order to send accurate nonverbal cues, you need to be aware of your emotions and how they influence you. You also need to be able to recognize the emotions of others and the true feelings behind the cues they are sending. This is where emotional awareness comes in.
• Emotional awareness enables us to:

  1. Accurately read other people, including the emotions they’re feeling and the unspoken messages they’re sending.

  2) Create trust in relationships by sending nonverbal signals that match up with your words.

  3) Respond in ways that show others that you understand, notice, and care.

  4) Know if the relationship is meeting your emotional needs, giving you the option to either repair the relationship or move on.
• The Listening Process:

  Reception

  Recognition

  Interpretation

  Recall
• Reception (hearing)

              Auditory system picks up the stimuli
• Recognition (selective attention)

              Receiver distinguishes a sound from other sounds
• Interpretation (meaning association)

  Sense-making and assigning meaning to the stimulus in relation into the field of experience
• Recall (Remembering)

              Calling to mind a previously encountered information
• Types of Listening According to Function:

  Informative Listening

      

  Empathic Listening

  Appreciative Listening

  Critical Listening

             

  Discriminative Listening