RIPH

• Kali: 1 Gunita of Himagskan (1928 - 1946) is a memoir of Emilio Aguinaldo written based on a diary he kept, several documents he preserved, and family lore gathered from his elders.
• The first volume of the memoir includes accounts beginning from his birth, his early life, and his participation in revolution and ends with the details of the treaty in Biak - na - Bato.
• The second volume of the memoir was assumed to focus more on the Philippine’s resumption of revolution against Spain and Philippine - American war.
• Emilio Aguinaldo belonged to the Magdalo faction and was one of the members of the Katipunan.
• Emilio Aguinaldo was the President of the First Philippine Republic.
• The Spaniards paid Aguinaldo about P 4 00,000.
• The Pact of Biak - na - Bato was signed on December 14, 1897.
• Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898.
• The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista.
• The Kartilya is a handbook for prospective Katipunan members in the Philippines, written in 1896 by Emilio Jacinto.
• The white triangle in the Philippine flag symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity.
• The sun in the Philippine flag symbolizes freedom, unity, democracy, and sovereignty.
• Corazon Aquino delivered a historic speech before the US Congress on September 18, 1986.
• The colors in the Philippine flag are: blue for peace, truth, and justice, red for patriotism and valor, and white for peace, purity, and integrity.
• Larry Alcala, Father of Philippine cartoons, was also present during the speech.
• Revolution is a fundamental change in political organization, especially: the overthrow or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed.
• Salvador Laurel, vice president of Cory Aquino, was also present during the speech.
• Teodoro Locsin, author of Aquino’s speech, was also present during the speech.
• The eight rays of the sun in the Philippine flag represent the first eight provinces that fought against the Spanish colonial rule: Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Rizal (Morong), Batangas.
• Political cartoons and caricature are a powerful form of social and political commentary that can shape public opinion through the use of symbolism and exaggeration.
• The three stars in the Philippine flag represent the three main islands of the Philippine archipelago: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
• La Liga Filipina was a secret society founded by Jose Rizal.
• Jose Palma wrote the poem “Filipinas” which later became the lyrics of the Philippine national anthem.
• Kalayaan was the newspaper of the Katipunan.
• Vicente Sotto, father of Cebuano letters, was one of the militant and aggressive advocates of immediate independence.
• The Treaty of Paris was a treaty that ended the war between America and Spain.
• Pol Medina Jr., creator of the popular comic strip “Pugad Baboy”, was also present during the speech.
• Julian Reyes Felipe is the Filipino composer of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as “Marcha Nacional Filipina” and now known as “Lupang Hinirang”.
• Alfred W. McCoy, author of Philippine cartoons, was also present during the speech.
• Alfredo Reyes Roses was a painter, an essayist and a versatile artist who is considered to be a prominent figure in Philippine art.
• Emilio Jacinto is Bonifacio’s adviser, secretary, and fiscal.
• Emilio Jacinto edited the ‘Ang Kalayaan’.
• Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost.
• Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.
• The Philippine flag colors and emblems have specific meanings.
• Cory Aquino mentioned about her husband Ninoy Aquino and described how he was tortured with other thousands of people.
• Leading Newspapers in Editorial/ Cartooning during American period: Lipang Kalabaw, Philippine Free Press, Telembang, The Independent, Bag-Ong Kusong.
• Cory Aquino asked for leniency from the foreign creditors, especially the IMF bank, due to the gargantuan foreign debt.
• To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
• Before U.S. Congress on September 18, 1986, Cory Aquino talked about Marcos being a dictator and how he trampled on Philippine democracy and jailed thousands of people.