Other Approaches

• FitzGerald et al 2003: Black people more likely to live in poorer areas with greater wealth disparity and thus more likely to commit crimes due to their marginalisation from employment and housing. 
• Sharp and Budd 2005: Black offenders were more likely than White offenders to be caught as they were more likely to commit crimes such as robbery (where they could be identified), excluded from school or associate with known criminals.