quarter 2

• Develop and appreciation for the significance of clear and impactful data presentation through written communication in charts and graphs.
• Experimenting, Gathering Data, Organizing Data, Analyzing and Interpreting Data are different types of data processing skills.
• Quantitative Data answers key questions such as “how many, “how much” and “how often” and can be expressed as a number or can be quantified.
• Discrete data can take only certain values and the data variables cannot be divided into smaller parts.
• Continuous Data is information that could be meaningfully divided into finer levels and can be measured on a scale or continuum and can have almost any numeric value.
• Qualitative Data consists of words, pictures, and symbols, not numbers and is also called categorical data because the information can be sorted by category, not by number.
• Nominal Data is just a name without applying it to order and can be sorted into categories.
• Ordinal Data shows where a number is in order and is data which is placed into some kind of order by their position on a scale.
• Data collection is an extensive procedure of gathering details about a particular topic in a systematized manner and the collected information must answer the primary questions about the topic of interest.
• Questionnaires are a set of questions that are directed towards a topic and the questions are set with the objective of learning an individual’s perspective and testing hypotheses with the same.
• Qualitative Data: Questions for this data are usually based on behavior, preferences, perception, emotions, etc.
• Quantitative Data: Questions for this data are aggregated into scales or indexes.
• Questionnaires and surveys work best when collecting data from a large population as it can be costly and time-consuming to reach a wide audience personally.
• Interviews are a method of collecting data by directly asking questions from the respondents and these may be conducted face-to-face, on phone calls, or via video calls.
• Interviews are the best data collection method when you are dealing with a relatively small size of respondents and these are recommended when the topics are complicated.
• Documents (Document Review) is a type of data collection method where you can collect data from existing sources such as documents and records.
• The data you will get from Documents (Document Review) will be secondary data and may be quantitative or qualitative in nature.
• In the process of collecting data, the selected individuals conduct a discussion, putting forward their opinions in an informal environment.
• Categorical data is a type of data which is placed into some kind of order by their position on a scale or continuum.
• Nominal data is a type of data that only considers the name of a thing without applying any measurements.
• Ordinal data is a type of data that can be measured on a scale or continuum and can have almost any numeric value.
• A table is a systematic arrangement of related data in which a row is designated for each group of numerical data and a column for each subgroup.
• Direct Observation can be categorized as Casual or Scientific, Natural, Objective and Subjective, and Participant or Non-participant.
• Fixed data is a type of data that can take only certain values and cannot be divided into smaller parts.
• Data organization is the practice of categorizing and classifying data to make it more usable.
• Direct Observation is a method wherein an observer analyzes the activities and behaviors of individuals in a natural setting.
• Requirements for Direct Observation include a setting or situation that can be observed, a system or set of standards to make observations, and the ability to record observations simultaneously.
• Tabular presentation of data has several advantages over textual presentation, including the ability to present relationships of a given set or numerical information in definite and understandable forms.
• A demographic table provides information about personal or demographic information of the research subjects or settings.
• Focus Groups are a process where a relatively small group of people come together to discuss the topic of interest and focus groups allow you to collect data in the form of perspectives of a group to get a collective idea.
• The purpose of graphing is to present the variations, changes, and relationships of data in a most attractive, appealing, effective, and convincing way.
• A graph is a chart representing the quantitative variations or changes of a variable itself, or quantitative changes of a variable in comparison with those of another variable or variables in pictorial or diagrammatic form.
• Bar graphs represent data using rectangular bars of varying lengths or heights, with the length or height of each bar corresponding to the value it represents.
• Pictograms use pictures or symbols to represent data, with the pictures scaled to visually represent the quantity they represent.
• Statistical maps use geographical or spatial representations to display data, with colors or shading used to indicate different values in different regions.
• A comparison table compares groups under one theme.
• The essentials of a graph include the organization method, the type of data, the purpose of presentation, and the mode of presentation.
• Organizing data can be done through various methods such as comparison tables, graphs, line graphs, pictograms, statistical maps, and ratio charts.
• Line graphs use lines to connect individual data points, making them effective in showing trends and changes over a continuous interval.