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• Autoclaving is a sterilization method that uses high-pressure steam. The autoclaving process works by the concept that the boiling point of water (or steam) increases when it is under pressure.
• Culture medium or growth medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms.
• Streak plate technique is used to isolate the pure culture of the organisms (mostly bacteria) from a mixed population.
• Rotary evaporation is the process of reducing the volume of a solvent.
• Acid-base extraction is a type of liquid-liquid extraction.
• Crystallization is used to purify a solid that requires a suitable solvent.
• Distillation of compounds is a separation method that exploits the differences in the boiling point of a crude mixture.
• • Drying Agents when an organic solvent has been exposed to aqueous solutions, it will contain a small amount of water, depending on the solubility of water in the solvent.
• Extraction is a method for moving a compound from one medium to another.
• Melting Point Determination is the standard physical property of a solid is its melting point. The melting point is a melting point range.
• Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change.
• The next very common apparatus is the test tube. They are usually cylindrical pipes made up of glass, with a circular opening on one side and a rounded bottom on the other side. 
• Beakers are another cylindrical utensil made up of glass, with a flat bottom and an upper opening, which may or may not have a spout
• A magnifying glass is one of the first introduced lab equipment among the students. As the name suggests, it is used to view enlarged or magnified images of objects or read the small calibrations marked on many equipments. 
• Volumetric flask:

  This is one of the most important equipments of any lab, which is made up of glass and is calibrated to hold a precise volume of liquids at any precise temperature.
• . Bunsen burner:

  This apparatus produces a single open flame and it is used for heating and sterilization purposes in the various experiments conducted in labs. 
• The dropper, also known as Pasteur pipette, is a common small apparatus, usually made up of plastic or glass cylinder, having a small nozzle on one side and a rubber holder on the other. It is used to put the liquids or solutions in any medium dropwise, that is, one drop at a time, a piece of necessary equipment when any reagent is required in an extremely small amount in a solution.
• Every lab is equipped with a basic thermometer as many times, certain chemical or biological reactions can be carried out in any particular temperature range only and so to proceed, the thermometer becomes very necessary to measure the temperature of the required solution before moving forward with further reaction procedure.
• Tongs, though not much in use, are common and basic apparatus in any lab. They are used to grasp and lift hot vessels and harmful substances during any kind of reaction taking place in the lab. 
• The wash bottles are laboratory consumables used for cleansing and sterilization purposes. These bottles are made up of plastic, which serves as a squeezy container with a long nozzle. They mostly contain distilled water, ethanol or deionized water.
• Spring balance also referred to as Newton meter, is another instrument helpful in measuring the weight of an object. This apparatus consists of a spring and a hook and it works on the principle of Hooke’s law, according to which, the force applied to an object is directly proportional to the extension, provided that the elastic limit is not reached.
• Litmus and filter papers:

  These two cannot be called apparatus in a proper way, but they serve as one of the most important and basic things that will be required in any kind of laboratories. The litmus paper serves to identify the pH of any solution by changing colors whereas, the filter paper serves in the filtration process.
• BSL 1 unlikely to cause disease
• BSL 2 moderate risk
• BSL 3 AEROSOL TRANSMISSION
• BSL 3 SERIOUS/POTENTIALLY LETHAL DISEASE
• BSL 4 LIFE-THREATENING DISEASE