1.4.9 Data Handling

• Qualitative data is numerical.

  False
• The mean is calculated by dividing the sum of values by the number of values.

  True
• What are measures of central tendency used for?

  Typical value
• Which measure of central tendency identifies the most common value?

  Mode
• Quantitative data includes measurements, counts, and scores
• What do descriptive statistics summarize about a dataset?

  Main features
• The median is always affected by outliers in the dataset.

  False
• The mean is the most robust measure of central tendency for skewed data.

  False
• Steps to calculate the median for a dataset

  1️⃣ Arrange the data in ascending order

  2️⃣ Identify the middle value

  3️⃣ If there is an even number of values, calculate the average of the two middle values
• Match the measure of dispersion with its description:

  Range ↔️ Highest value - Lowest value

  Standard Deviation ↔️ Average deviation from the mean
• What type of data is typically displayed using a histogram?

  Quantitative data
• Bar charts use rectangular bars of varying heights to show the frequency or value of different categories.

  True
• Bar charts show the frequency or value of categories using rectangular bars of varying heights
• Order the patterns to identify in charts and tables:

  1️⃣ Trends

  2️⃣ Relationships

  3️⃣ Distributions

  4️⃣ Comparisons
• What does the height of each bar in a histogram represent?

  Value frequency
• The mean is calculated by dividing the sum of values by the number of values
• The median is robust to extreme values, making it suitable for skewed data.
• The median is best used for data that is skewed or contains outliers
• How is the mean calculated in descriptive statistics?

  Sum of values divided by total number of values
• The mean is best used for symmetric, normally distributed data and is sensitive to outliers.

  True
• The median is robust to outliers because it focuses on the middle value
• Why is standard deviation a more robust measure of dispersion than range?

  It considers all data points
• What is the key advantage of standard deviation over range?

  Robust to outliers
• Histograms are used to display categorical data, while bar charts display quantitative data.

  False
• Charts and tables help visualize and understand data in psychological research.
• Histograms are useful for visualizing the overall distribution and spread of quantitative
• Quantitative data is numerical information, such as measurements, counts, and scores
• Quantitative data is measurable and provides breadth
• The most frequently occurring value in a dataset is called the mode
• Match the measure with its calculation:

  Mean ↔️ Sum of values / Number of values

  Median ↔️ Middle value

  Mode ↔️ Most frequent value

  Range ↔️ Highest value - Lowest value
• The median is robust to extreme values, making it ideal for skewed data.
• What is the term for non-numerical information in data analysis?

  Qualitative data
• Qualitative data is numerical, while quantitative data is non-numerical.

  False
• Match the descriptive statistic with its calculation:

  Mean ↔️ Sum of values / Number of values

  Median ↔️ Middle value

  Mode ↔️ Most frequent value

  Range ↔️ Highest value - Lowest value
• The median for an even number of values is the average of the two middle values
• The mean is best suited for data that is symmetric and normally distributed
• What does the standard deviation measure in a dataset?

  Average deviation from the mean
• Histograms are used to visualize the distribution of categorical data.

  False
• Histograms are used to display the distribution of quantitative
• Match the type of chart with its purpose:

  Bar Charts ↔️ Display categorical data

  Histograms ↔️ Show distribution of values