ADM 1370- Rita_Ramotar (2019)

• Information technology


  Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information & support the information-processing needs of an organization.
• Information system


  collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose- IT + people and procedures- Input, process and output
• End user computing

  Two components: end user data entry, reporting, inquiry & end user development
• End user development


  Users develop usable systems using programming languages or other development tools.
• Traditional functions of the MIS department


  • Managing systems development and systems project management• Managing computer operations, including the computer center• Staffing, training, and developing IS skills• Providing technical services• Infrastructure planning, development, and control
• New Functions of MIS

  - Initiating and designing information systems - strategic and mandate development - Incorporating the internet and e-commerce into the business- Managing system integration - internet, intranet and extranet- Educating non-mis managers about IT-Educating the MIS staff about the business - Partnering with business unit executives - Managing outsourcing - Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative ideas about IT- Creating business alliances with business partners
• MIS


  Study of people, technology and organizations
• Data


  elementary descriptions of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey a specific meaning
• Information


  data that has been organized so it has a meaning and value to the recipient
• Knowledge


  Data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.
• a computer-based information system


  is an information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks.
• Information technology components


  hardware, software, databases, and networks
• Hardware


  consists of devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. These devices accept, process, and display data and information
• Software


  a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data
• database


  a collection of related files or tables containing data
• network


  a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources
• Procedures


  are the instructions for combining the above components to process information and generate desired input
• Information technology platform


  The IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline and wireless), and databases
• Information technology services


  overseeing security and risk + managing data
• Information technology infrastructure

  IT components + IT services
• Benefits of IS


  - High-speed, high-volume numerical calculations-Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations - Store huge amounts of info in an easy to access + small place - Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information- Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently - Automate both semi-automatic business processes and manual tasks
• App (application program)


  a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process
• departmental information system (functional area information system)


  The collection of application programs in a single department- EX. system for processing payroll
• Business intelligence systems dashboards


  FIGURE 1.4 PAGE 20
• In marketing, IT is used for

  Product analysis - developing new goods and servicessite analysis - determining the best location for production and distributionpromotion analysis - identifying the best advertising channels Price analysis - setting product prices to obtain the highest total revenue
• In manufacturing, IT is used for

  Production with computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer assisted manufacturing (CAM)
• Two information systems that support the entire organization are:

  enterprise resource planning systems and transaction processing systems
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)


  designed to correct a lack of communication among the functional area ISs- Oracle, SAP system
• Transaction Processing System (TPS)


  supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data. Monitors this in real-time.- Walmart checkout
• A transaction is


  Anything that changes a firm's database
• Can an ERP be a TPS

  All ERP systems are also TPSs, but not all TPSs are ERP systems
• Inter organizational information systems


  information systems that connect two or more organizations
• Supply chain


  is the flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers.
• electronic commerce systems


  A type of interorganizational information system that enables organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business electronic commerce, and customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer electronic commerce.
• Knowledge workers


  Professional employees who are experts in a particular subject area and create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business. Create knowledge and information that is integrated into the business.
• Office automation system


  supports daily work activities of individuals and groups- Microsoft office
• Business intelligence systems


  provide computer-based support for complex, non routine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers
• Expert system


  attempts to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities- Credit card approval analysis
• Dashboards


  a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports- Status of sales by product
• Organizational information systems


  DIAGRAM 1.4 - VERY IMPORTANT