Design

• Benefits of good design are lower errors, low costs and more customisation
• Benefit of good materials are safety, durability, sound insulation
• How to make effective use of space?

  defined zones based on purpose

  Primarily use- easier to design

  distance between structures

  strategic placement

  easy navigation
• Buildability includes;

  clashes and solutions

  opportunites for modern construction

  health and safety
• Concrete hatching

  
• Earth, soil

  
• Sand hatching

  
• Wood hatching

  
• Insulation hatching

  
• Block hatching

  
• Borehole report - narrow shaft drilled into ground to determine different soil levels 
• Tree Preservation Order

  • New building designed consider impact
  • trees close to building, roots can damage structure and even absorb soil moisture causing the lank to shrink
• Social constraints

  • green space requirements - trees, paths
  • mixed and balanced development
  • neighbours rights - disruption
  • community objections - congestion
• Project budget

  • General contractor develops with help from estimator + quotes from suppliers
  • determines: completion time, level of skill, tech/equipment
• Smart budget - pre planned and efficient

  • consider available funds - additional government grants
  • lifecycle cost
• Lifecycle assessment is a method of assessing the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its life cycle
• Goals of a LCA

  • characterise inputs and outputs over cycle
  • specify environmental impacts
  • consider alternative approache, change for better
• LCA inputs

  1. unmodified raw materials
  2. energy, water
• LCA outputs

  1. emissions
  2. waste
• Benefits of LifeCycle Assessment

  1. evaluating site options
  2. lower impacts
  3. renevating > demolishing
  4. design alternatives
• Lifecycle assessment stages

  1. raw materials/recycled materials
  2. manufacture of products
  3. construction phase
  4. occupation, maintenance stage
  5. demolition
  6. material disposal/ recycling
• Stages of LCA

  
• Smart Budgeting


  Tracking income, identifying expenses, setting financial goals, allocating funds, and regularly reviewing and adjusting
• Typical examples of CSR

  • providing services for community
  • supporting charities activities
  • using ethically and sustainably sourced materials
  • reducing environmental impacts
• Grade 1 listen building is a building with exceptional interest

  • for changes, must apply to local authority for permission
• Grade 2* are particularly important buildings of more than special interest
• Grade 2 buildings of special interest warranting every effort to preserve them
• Traditional buildings methods can be labour intensive and usually result in longer build times as lower levels of mechanisation (use of plant, automatic devices)

  • more waste
  • weather dependent
• Prefabrication reduces wastage by allowing for precise cutting and shaping of materials
• Prefabrication allows for greater accuracy and consistency in production compared to traditional methods
• Feasibility is how easy or difficult it is to do something
• Buildability is the simplicity of manufacturing or constructing a building through design
• BIM is an intelligent streamlined process of sharing digital info with all parties

  • provides a platform for collaboration
• What legal duties do designers have under CDM 2015?

  • take account of any pre-construction information provided by the client
  • eliminate foreseeable health and safety risks to anyone affected by the project (if possible)
  • take steps to reduce or control any risks that cannot be eliminated.
• Hydrology is the study of water in the earth and its relationship with the environment