Vertebrate Eye

• Lens: Focuses light on the retina, has a curvature that can be adjusted.
• Suspensory Ligament: Connect ciliary body with lens, hold lens in place.
• Posterior Chamber: Houses vitreous humor.
• Anterior Chamber (with aqueous humor): Provide nutrients, expel waste.
• Cornea: Covers the iris and pupil.
• Pupil: Opening for light to enter the eye.
• Ciliary Body: Aqueous humor production, holds lens in place.
• Choroid: Between retina and sclera, provides nutrients to retina.
• Sclera: Outermost part of the eye that provides protection and shape.
• Retina: Receives light focused from the lens, converts the light into neural signals, and sends those signals to the brain through the optic nerve.
• Fovea: The center of the macula with an extremely high concentration of cones, making it responsible for high-resolution color vision.
• Optic Disc: Area with absence of photoreceptors, blind spot.
• Optic Nerve: Nerve fibers that travel from retina to brain, transmitting visual information using electrical impulses.
• Vitreous Humor: Between the lens and the retina- responsible for maintaining eyeball shape and absorbing shocks.
• Blind Spot: No photoreceptors. Also coincides with optic disc.
• Macula: Oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of the retina.
• Macular Degeneration: Results in loss of vision in the center of the visual field.
• Aqueous Humor: Cavity between cornea and lens- responsible for providing nutrients and removing waste.
• Visual Acuity: Sharpness of vision. Determined by 20/20 Snellen.
• Near Sighted: Difficulty seeing far-off objects.
• Far Sighted: Difficulty seeing closer objects.
• Color-Blindness: Production of abnormal photo-pigments in cone cells.