Assumptions

• What does the behaviourist approach assume about the mind at birth?

  The mind is a blank slate
• How does the behaviourist approach view the influence of emotions on behaviour?

  Emotions have no influence on behaviour
• What does the term 'nurture' refer to in the nature-nurture debate?

  Behaviour determined by external factors
• What is environmental determinism?

  Behaviour is determined by external factors
• What does Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution explain about human behaviour?

  Species survive through natural selection
• Who demonstrated how children learn aggression?

  Bandura
• What did Bandura find about children who observed aggressive role models?

  They behaved aggressively towards the doll
• What is the first assumption of behaviourism?

  Blank slate
• What are the two types of conditioning in behaviourism?

  • Classical Conditioning
  • Operant Conditioning
• What is classical conditioning?

  Associating two things to elicit the same response
• What are the three steps in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment?

  Food, bell, salivation
• What does operant conditioning involve?

  Reinforcement and punishment affecting behaviour
• What is reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Something that increases behaviour likelihood
• What is the effect of punishment in operant conditioning?

  It weakens behaviour and decreases its occurrence
• What does the Reinforcement Affect Model suggest?

  • Relationships develop through conditioning
  • Classical Conditioning associates good feelings with people
  • Operant Conditioning associates rewards with people
• What is the third assumption of behaviourism?

  Humans and animals learn in similar ways
• What is the main difference between animals and humans according to behaviourists?

  Only quantitative differences like brain size
• How did Pavlov and Skinner contribute to behaviourism?

  Pavlov used dogs; Skinner used pigeons
• What did Lorenz's research on goslings demonstrate?

  Imprinting occurs when they follow the first moving thing
• How can Lorenz's findings be applied to human behaviour?

  They explain human mother-child relationships