The Behaviourist Approach

• Who conducted the research on conditioned emotional reactions?

  Watson and Raynor
• What was the main focus of Watson and Raynor's investigation?

  Emotional reactions of Little Albert
• How old was Little Albert when the research began?

  Eleven months old
• Why is the study of Little Albert not considered a case study?

  It does not analyze various life aspects
• What was the first stage of the research focused on?

  Establishing a conditioned emotional response
• What was the joint stimulation used in Stage 1?

  A rat and a loud noise
• How many times was the joint stimulation repeated?

  Six times
• What was observed in Little Albert's behavior during Stage 1?

  He cried and crawled away from the rat
• What was the purpose of Stage 2 in the research?

  To transfer the conditioned response to other stimuli
• What stimuli were presented to Albert in Stage 2?

  A rabbit, a dog, a fur coat, and cotton wool
• What change was made to the setting during Stage 2?

  Albert was taken to a lecture hall
• What was the focus of Stage 3 in the research?

  The effect of time on conditioned emotional responses
• How did Albert react to the rat one month later?

  He withdrew and cried when it touched him
• What conclusion did Watson and Raynor draw from their research?

  Phobias may be conditioned emotional reactions
• What ethical issue was raised regarding Little Albert's participation?

  Risk of stress and emotional distress
• What should have been done when Little Albert showed distress?

  Cancel the research and counter-condition him
• What was questioned about the consent obtained for the research?

  Whether it was valid due to power dynamics
• What did McAllister et al (1969) find about teacher praise?

  It decreased inappropriate talking in class
• What negative effect can conditioning techniques have on children?

  They may harm intrinsic motivation to learn
• What long-term effect could conditioning children have on society?

  Creating individuals reliant on external rewards
• What was a positive aspect of Watson and Raynor's research methodology?

  Control of extraneous variables
• What was a limitation regarding the sample used in the research?

  It consisted of only one participant
• Why is the representativeness of the sample important?

  It affects the generalizability of findings
• What was Watson and Raynor's intended final stage for Little Albert?

  To counter-condition his maladaptive learning
• What ethical issue arose from Little Albert's removal from the study?

  He left with specific phobias unaddressed