Plants

• Simple Fruits: One carpel; plums, peaches.
• Aggregate Fruits: Several carpels of a single flower; blackberries, raspberries.
• Multiple Fruits: Cluster of flowers; pineapple, fig.
• Accessory Fruits: Parts in addition to carpels and seeds; apple, pears, strawberry.
• Monocots: One cotyledon; grasses, cattails, lilies, orchids, palms.
• Dicots: Two cotyledons; most seed plants, most herbs (nonwoody plants), vines, trees, shrubs.
• Ferns: Antheridia and archegonia mature at different rates, no self fertilization; sori; sporophyte; monilophytes.
• Liverworts: Leafy gametophyte; thalloid; sporangium tall stalk; Asexual–gametophyte fragments; gametes disperse via rain.
• Lycophytes: Club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts; sister group to vascular plants; simple leaflike structure in spirals (microphylls); some sporangia in cone clusters (strobili).
• Gymnosperms: Tracheids except gnetophytes. Cycads, ginkgos, gnetophytes, conifers.