Radio pharmaceutical

• Technetium-99 m (99m Tc) possesses a relatively short half-life of 6 hours and is used as a binding agent for several pharmaceuticals used for imaging.
• Technetium-99 m (99m Tc) is used in hepatobiliary imaging (mebrofenin) and ischemic heart disease (sestamibi, tetrofosmin).
• Technetium-99 m (99m Tc) has also been used as a radiolabel for MAB.
• Thallous-201 Chloride (201 Tl) demonstrates a physical half-life of 73.1 hours and is an advantageous agent in MPI for the diagnosis and localization of myocardial infarction.
• Thallous-201 Chloride (201 Tl) may also be used as an adjunct to the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, that is, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease when used in conjunction with exercise stress testing.
• Gallium-67 Citrate (67 Ga) demonstrates a half-life of 78 hours and can localize in certain viable primary and metastatic tumors and in focal sites of infection.
• Gallium-67 Citrate (67 Ga) can be useful in demonstrating the presence and extent of malignancies associated with Hodgkin's disease, lymphomas, and bronchogenic carcinoma.
• Gallium-67 Citrate (67 Ga) can also be useful for the localization of focal inflammatory lesions (e.g., sarcoidosis, abscesses, pyelonephritis).
• Tositumomab with 131I (Bexxar) is a MAB product that has a radioactive substance, 131I attached to it.
• Tositumomab with 131I (Bexxar) is also known as Metastron.
• 13N ammonia has been used as a tracer for cerebral and myocardial blood flow and demonstrates a half-life of 10 minutes.
• Two scintillation detectors are placed on either side of the tissue, connected to a coincident circuit, resulting in a low-background detector with excellent resolution.
• Carbon-11 has a half-life of 20 minutes and has found utility in the study of myocardial metabolism.
• 131I is indicated for the evaluation of size, thyroid nodules, carcinoma, and masses in the lingual region, neck, and mediastinum and in the localization of functioning metastatic thyroid tumors.
• The decay of 131I results in the emission of two photons with specific energy (511 KeV) and 180° emission.
• 18F has a relatively long half-life among positron emitters, 110 minutes, and is applied in the imaging of cerebral, myocardial, and tumor metabolism.
• 68Ga citrate is very useful in studies of regional plasma volume and 68Ga-transferrin PET study allows calculation of the regional hematocrit.
• 15O is the radionuclide of oxygen with the longest half-life, 2.04 minutes, and has been used in hemodynamic studies, cerebral oxygen extraction, and metabolism.
• Gallium-67 Citrate (67 Ga) is most important in the diagnosis and monitoring of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of AIDS.
• Gallium-67 Citrate (67 Ga) can be used as a diagnostic screen in cases of prolonged fever.
• Indium-111 Chloride (111 In) has a half-life of 10 to 14 days and is used diagnostically to evaluate thyroid function and morphology.
• Indium-111 Chloride (111 In) has an effective half-life of 13 hours and its principal therapeutic application is in RIT of solid large tumors and lymphomas.
• Sodium Iodide-123 (123 I) is used diagnostically to evaluate thyroid function and morphology and has an effective half-life of 13 hours.
• Sodium Iodide-123 (123 I) is used in RIT of solid large tumors and lymphomas.
• Sodium Iodide-131 (131 I) is used in small amounts for thyroid function studies or thyroid uptake tests and has an effective half-life of 13 hours.