Human Behavior

• Human Behavior

  • refers to the physical action of a person reflective of his behaviors.
  • These actions maybe similar or different when he is in or out of the organizations.
  • Human behavior is also referred to the organizational behavior.
• Organizational Behavior

  • defined as the study of human behavior in an organization, of interactions between individuals and organization and organization itself.
• The Goal of OB

  • to explain behavior
  • to predict behavior
  • to control behavior
• Elements of OB

  • People - consisting of individuals and group. Either formal or informal.
  • Structure - formal relationship of people in organization. Describe how job is formally divided.
  • Technology - refer to the combination of resources, information, and techniques that affect the tasks they will perform.
  • Environment - refers to the forces outside the organization that potentially influence the organization's performance.
• Benefits of Studying Organizational Behavior

  1. Development of skills - the skills in work and the skills in relating with others.
  2. Personal growth - knowledge of others behavior will help people to understand their behavior.
  3. Enhancing organizational and individuals effectiveness - knowledge of OB is very useful in making the right decision and effectiveness follows
  4. Sharpening and refinement of common sense - improvement in this type of ability can be made and great benefits can be derived.
• Frederick W. Taylor

  • a well known disciple of scientific management method.
  • the primary purpose of scientific management was the application of scientific methods to increase individuals work productvitity.
• Elton Mayo

  • Conducted Hawthorne studies which determines the effect of hours work, period of rest and light on worker's fatigue and productivity.
  • Discovered social environment have an equal if not greater effect on productivity than the physical environment.
  • Social interaction is concluded to be a factor for increased productivity.
• Sigmund Freud

  • He brought the idea that people are far more motivated than conscious logical reasoning.
  • He believed that irrational motives determined the majority of people's behavior.
• Behaviorist Approach

  
  

  J.B Watson formulated the theory of learned behavior.

  
  

  It indicates that a person can be trained to behave according to the wish of the trainer.
• Behaviorist Approach

  B.F Skinner has his theory of behavior modification.

  • conclude that when person received a positive stimulus from his work, he will repeat it. When they receive no response to the action, they will not repeat it.
• Humanist Approach

  • Carl roger focused on person as an individual instead of using rigid methodology.
  • He believes that people should acquire their own values and attitudes rather than to be committed to fixed set of prescribed goals.
• Humanist Approach

  • Fritz Perl's contribution is the gestalt psychology.
  • The object is to integrate conflicting needs into an organized whole, in which all parts of person work together toward growth and development.
• Humanist Approach

  • Abraham Maslow's model espouse the idea of developing the personality toward the ultimate achievement of human potential.
  • This process refer to the self-actualization.
  • To achieve this objective, the person must work his way up the succeeding steps of a hierarchy of needs.
• Ethics - refer to the set of moral of choices that a person makes based on what he ought to do.
• Organizational Ethics - are moral principles that define right or wrong behavior in an organization.
• Ethical behavior - are behavior that is accepted as morally right and good as opposed to morally wrong and bad.
• What constitute the right and wrong behavior in organizations.

  • The people, Interests group, organization and individual personal moral and values.
• Ethical Issues

  1. Conflict of Interest - Conflict exists when a person is in the position of having to decide whether to advance the interests of the organization or to operate in his or her own personal interests.
• 2. Fairness and honesty

  - Ethical behavior demands that beyond obeying the law, they should not knowingly harm customers, clients, and competitors.
• 3. Communication

  • organizations that provide false and misleading information about their products and services.
• 4. Relationships within the organization• People can become victims of organizations that provide false and misleading information about their products and services.