AP World Religions Semester 1

• Hinduism:


  A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
• Caste System


  a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
• Restrictions placed by the caste system


  -restricted social interactions, -marriage, and jobs based on one's caste, -creating a hierarchy that limited social mobility and opportunities for those in lower castes.
• Jati System


  -refers to sub-castes or smaller social groups within the broader caste system in India. -based on occupation, region, and social standing, further dividing society into numerous smaller communities with specific roles and traditions.
• Karma:


  -the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation-spiritual principle where one's actions, intentions, and deeds in this life influenced future experiences and circumstances, either in this life or in future existences (reincarnation)
• What was the influence Hinduism had in Southeastern Asia (social, political, cultural)

  -Social:+caste system, customs, and rituals-Political : +Kingship Ideologies+Legal Systems-Cultural: Architecture, Language and Literature, Hindu deities ,sculptures, reliefs, artworks., and motifs
• What was in both Hinduism and Buddhism


  -Karma and reincarnation
• Buddhism consists of

  -Karma-Reincarnation -Theravada -Mahayana -Tibetan
• Hinduism consists of


  -Caste(social structure)-Jati -Karma -Dharma -Reincarnation
• Reincarnation


  The rebirth of a soul in a new body after death
• Reincarnation role in Buddhist beliefs


  -believed in a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth called samsara. -This cycle continues until one achieves enlightenment and breaks free from the cycle
• Reincarnation in Hinduism beliefs


  -This cycle continues until the soul achieves moksha, liberation from the cycle of birth and death. -central concept in the philosophy.
• Thervada


  -Teaching of the elders;-oldest serving branch of Buddhism; -more conservative
• Mahayana


  -Sect of Buddhism that offers salvation to all and allows popular worship
• Tibetan


  -a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism, -a tradition of Buddhism that teaches that people can use special techniques to harness spiritual energy and can achieve nirvana in a single lifetime
• Confucianism consists of


  -Yin and Yang-Filial Piety -5 relationships -Mandate of Heaven -Analects