BIOLOGY

• Langerhans cells, Keratinocytes, Merkel's cells, and Melanocytes are epidermal cells that function in immunity.
• Bolus is the term for the food that is swallowed and chyme is the term for the food that is digested.
• The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is the protection from all forms of cancer.
• The integumentary system produces Vitamin E.
• Vitamin D synthesis begins in skin that is exposed to sunlight.
• Sweat contains water, salts and wastes.
• The organ system which gives humans the ability to move using their skeletal and muscular system is known as the Locomotors system.
• Cartilage, tendons, joints, ligaments and connective tissues together make up the Locomotors system.
• A flexible and tough band of fibrous connective tissue is known as the Tendon.
• Muscles that are found in heart to circulate blood are known as Cardiac muscles.
• The division of joints that are fibrous with no movement is known as Diarthroses.
• The stomach does both chemical and mechanical digestion.
• The joint that can move in only direction is the Pivot joint.
• Essential for normal development and functioning of the female reproductive organ is the Estrogen.
• Bone bone-forming cells are called the Osteoblasts.
• The bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman’s capsule is called the Glomerulus.
• The longest bone in the human body is the Humerus.
• When the stomach is empty, it folds up into wrinkles called the Rugae.
• The other name for knee cap is the Patella.
• The accessory digestive organs include the Tongue, Liver, and Stomach.
• The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) includes the Esophagus, Liver, and Small intestine.
• The main sex hormone of men is the Testosterone.
• Each parent is provided with reproductive organs (gonads) for the production of reproductive cells.
• Chemical digestion of starch foods begins in the Mouth.
• Respiration involves the processes of Inspiration, exchange of gases, Expiration.
• Oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried to the heart by the Pulmonary vein.
• One of the differences between the pulmonary respiration of frogs and humans is that the diaphragm and ribs play a role in respiration.
• Endocrine glands are different from exocrine glands in that exocrine glands secrete through ducts out onto the skin and include the reproductive organs.
• The endocrine gland(s) that sits on top of the kidneys and secretes both metabolic stabilizers and stress regulators is the pituitary gland.
• The main excretory organs in man are the kidneys.
• Intact skin protects because it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes, melanin absorbs UV light, it reduces water loss, and it does not include the epidermis, hypodermis, papillary layer, or dermis.
• Calcitonin works antagonistically to parathormone.
• The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is protection from water loss.
• Excretion is a continuous process but urine is not passed out continuously because of the urinary bladder.
• Urine is a filtrate present in the renal tubule.
• The only endocrine glands that lay dormant during childhood to activate at puberty are the thyroid gland and adrenal glands.
• The Pancreas produces two hormones: Insulin and Glucagon.
• Material that passes into Bowman's capsule is called tubular secretion.
• Skin is found in the epidermis and includes keratinocytes and melanocytes.
• The outer, epithelial layer of the skin is called the dermis.