Wars of the roses

• Who was the Duke of Suffolk?

  William de la Pole
• Why was the Duke of Suffolk blamed for military failures?

  He was a key advisor to Henry VI
• What was the consequence of Suffolk's death on Henry VI's government?

  It created a power vacuum and emboldened opposition
• When did Cade's Rebellion occur?

  May to July 1450
• What were the main grievances of Cade's Rebellion?

  Corruption, heavy taxation, and mismanagement
• What was the outcome of Cade's Rebellion?

  It was suppressed but exposed deep discontent
• When did Normandy fall to the French?

  12 August 1450
• Who was blamed for the loss of Normandy?

  Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset
• How did the loss of Normandy affect the nobility?

  It increased tensions and justified calls for reform
• When did Richard, Duke of York return from Ireland?

  September 1450
• What did York demand upon his return to England?

  Reform and a greater role in government
• What was the significance of York's return in September 1450?

  It marked the beginning of his opposition to Lancastrians
• When did the Dartford Coup occur?

  March 1452
• What was the goal of the Dartford Coup?

  To demand Somerset's removal from power
• When did Henry VI suffer a mental breakdown?

  August 1453
• What was the outcome of the Dartford Coup?

  York was forced to back down without success
• What was the effect of Henry VI's illness on governance?

  It created a power vacuum in the kingdom
• Who was appointed Protector of the Realm during Henry VI's incapacity?

  Richard, Duke of York
• When was Prince Edward born?

  13 October 1453
• How did the birth of Prince Edward affect Richard, Duke of York?

  It displaced him as the heir presumptive
• What was the consequence of Somerset's imprisonment in November 1453?

  It deepened the divide between Yorkists and Lancastrians
• When was Richard, Duke of York appointed Protector of the Realm?

  27 March 1454
• What was the reaction of Lancastrian loyalists to York's appointment?

  They viewed him as a threat to their power
• What was the significance of Cardinal Kemp's death on 22 March 1454?

  It weakened the Lancastrian faction's stability
• When did Henry VI recover from his illness?

  Early 1455
• What happened to York after Henry VI's recovery?

  He was sidelined and Somerset was restored
• What was the purpose of Henry VI calling Parliament to Coventry in April 1455?

  To consolidate Lancastrian power and exclude Yorkists
• When did the Battle of St Albans occur?

  22 May 1455
• What was the outcome of the Battle of St Albans?

  York and his allies defeated the Lancastrians
• What did the Battle of St Albans signify in the conflict?

  It marked the beginning of armed conflict
• When did the second protectorate begin?

  19 November 1455
• How did Queen Margaret respond to York's second protectorate?

  She began consolidating Lancastrian opposition
• What was the significance of Margaret and Edward moving to Kenilworth in April 1456?

  It strengthened Lancastrian resistance against York
• When did Henry VI travel to Kenilworth?

  August 1456
• What was the effect of Henry VI joining Margaret at Kenilworth?

  It sidelined York and reinforced Lancastrian control
• What was the significance of Laurence Booth's appointment in September 1456?

  It reinforced Lancastrian dominance in government
• When did Margaret summon Warwick?

  October 1458
• What was the reason for Margaret summoning Warwick?

  To answer for his defiance of royal authority
• What did Warwick's refusal to return to Calais signify?

  His growing independence and challenge to authority
• What was the event known as "Loveday"?

  A symbolic reconciliation staged in London