LESSON 2&3 PREANALYSIS

• Anticoagulant


  tube additive that prevents blood clotting
• Basal State


  Refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for a minimum of 12 hours
• Clot Activator 


  Tube additive that accelerates clotting
• Diurnal variation 


  Normal daily fluctuations in body chemistry related to hormonal cycles, sleep-wake cycles, and other regular patterns of change
• Hemolysis 


  Rupture or destruction of RBCs
• Icteric 


  Used to describe a serum or plasma sample that is bright dark yellow due to excess bilirubin
• Lipemia 


  A turbidity of the serum or plasma caused by increased lipids, specifically the lipoprotein
• Hemoconcentration 


  A decrease in plasma or serum volume, which causes a simultaneous increase in the concentration of red blood cells and other commonly tested constituents of the blood
• Hemodilution 


  Decreased concentration of cells and commonly tested constituents in the blood resulting in a gain of plasma or serum
• Preanalysis 


  Involves all the complex steps that must take place before a sample can be analyzed
• This is where approximately 32-75% error occursand requires careful attention

  Pre analysis stage
• Turn-around Time The amount of time to complete a whole process (from preanalysis to postanalysis)
• CK - Creatinine phosphokinase
• AST - Aspartate aminotransferase
• LD - lactate dehydrogenase
• High levels of lipids cause the serum or plasma to appear milky (cloudy white) or turbid, and the specimen is described as being lipemic.
• triglycerides (a type of lipid)
• triglycerides require a __ hr fast
• ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
• Elements that are affected by postural changes are albumin, total protein, enzymes, calcium, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and drugs bound to proteins.
• What WBC will decrease if a person smokes?

  EOSINOPHILS
• What WBC will increase if a person smokes?

  Neutrophils and monocytes
• Hemoconcentration ↪ Caused by extended application of tourniquet resulting into increased concentrations of analytes and cellular components
• Hemodilution ↪ Usually caused by a short draw of blood during venipuncture
• Icterus ↪ A serum or plasma sample is described as icteric if it appears bright to dark yellow due to increased bilirubin.
• Lipemia ↪ occurs when serum triglyceride levels are elevated causing a turbid sample.
• One of the most frequent preanalytic errors involves selecting the wrong laboratory test or panel of tests, leading to inappropriate interpretation of results
• What should be done if the laboratory request is done verbally?

  Document the laboratory request right away
• What happens if the verbal test request was not documented?

  Good as wala nahitabo
• A test order should have a complete patient demographics that include patient name, sex, age, date of birth (DOB), date of admission (for inpatients), date of test order, location (in-patient or out-patient), and physician.
• ASAP - as soon as possible
• STAT -immediately
• STAT from the Latin word __
• STAT specimens are given the highest priority

  TRUE
• The first goal of the Joint Commission 2015 National Laboratory Patient Safety Goals is to "Identify patients correctly"
• Give an example of policy for handling mislabeled specimen


  Do not relabel an incorrectly labelled specimen, do not discard specimen until investigation is complete
• Venipuncture is performed using a needle/adapter assembly attached to an evacuated glass/plastic test tube with a rubber/plastic stopper. Blood may also be collected in a syringe and transferred to the appropriate specimen container
• The most common specimen received in the lab

  BLOOD
• Specimen in tubes must be mixed through

  INVERSION
• Identify the purpose of EDTA

  Prevents clotting by chelating CALCIUM