The Failure to Reach a Settlement

• What was the general feeling and expectation at the end of the Civil War?

  Great optimism, Charles would accept the terms of the victorious parliamentarians, ensuring peace and stability
• Why was there such desire for peace in 1646?

  High taxation Dislocation of trade Physical damage and personal suffering
• What did people want at the end of the war?

  Return to pre-war normality
• Who were the influential groups following the war and which were the majority*?

  Presbyterians*IndependentsArmyScots
• What did Charles hope to achieve through dragging out the negotiations?

  Divides within his opponents, in 1646, he knew no one wanted a republic
• Which proposals were there in June 1642?

  19 Propositions
• Which proposals were there in March 1643?

  Oxford Proposals
• Which proposals were there in January 1645?

  Uxbridge Proposals
• Which proposition did Charles procrastinate over for a year in 1646?

  Newcastle Propositions
• Which Proposals Came in December 1647?

  Four Bills Par every two years Par control of militia for 20 years Bishops abolished Offered to Charles because army feared that he was going to deal with the Pres Scots
• What did the Newcastle Propositions include?

  A parliament every 3 yrsParliament control of the militiaEstablished PresbyterianismControl of advisors
• Who was the leader of the Presbyterian group and which previous parliamentary group did they emerge out of?

  Denzil Hollespeace party
• What were the views of the Presbyterians?

  Get rid of royal advisorsKeep scots to ensure religious stabilityDisband the NMAReturn to traditional govt
• Who were the independents, who was their leader and which group did they emerge out of?


  Supported religious freedomLed by Cromwell and Lord SayeCame from the war party
• What were the views of the independents?

  King not to be trusted, and reduce his influenceKeep high taxes to maintain NMA, their strengthOpposed Scottish alliance, want religious freedom
• What was the result of the 1645 elections?

  Increased Presbyterian majority
• When was episcopacy abolished?

  1646
• When was An Apologetic Narration published?


  January 1644
• What did AAN include?

  Demand for right of orthodox protestants to establish non-CoE conforming churches
• What did the NMA chaplain Richard Baxter say about growing radicalism in the army?

  too much talk of 'church and state democracy
• When was the New model Ordinance and what did it achieve?

  1645Took politics out of the army, forcing MPs to give up army commissions
• What was the first big mistake of Presbyterian parliament in relation to the NMA?

  Disband it cheaply to get rid of independent officersArmy hadn't been payedWanted to get rid of Indep officersDisband soldiers with 8weeks pay
• How did the NMA respond to the first big mistake?

  NMA petition March 1647
• How did par regard the NMA petition?

  as an act of treason
• When were agitators elected to speak to officers for soldiers on issues of pay, religion and work?

  April 1647
• When did Cornet George Joyce of the NMA seize Charles and take him to Newmarket, what was the effect of this?

  2nd June 1647 Army controlled the negotiations
• When was the Solemn Engagement?

  5th June 1647
• what was the Solemn Engagement?

  Declaration by the army to not disband until their grievances had been resolved
• When was the Heads of the Proposals?

  August 1647
• What were the terms in the Heads of the Proposals?

  Softer than NewcastleLimit rather than abolish BishopsControl of militia and advisors for 10, not 20 years
• Why did Charles reject the Heads of the Proposals?

  Sensed division within parliament
• When did Charles escape to the IoWight?

  December 1647
• What was Charles' aim in escaping to the IoW?

  Negotiate with the Scots and isolate independents
• What did Charles agree to with the Scots in December 1647?

  The Engagement
• What was the Engagement?

  Agreement with the Scots to restore Charles I and establish Presbyterian CoE
• Rather than unite with the Scots, what did the presbyterians in parliament do in response to the Engagement?

  Unite with the independents and pass the Vote of No Address which prevented further negotiations with Charles
• When was the Vote of No Addresses passed?


  January 1648
• What was the result of the vote of no address?

  2nd Civil WarScots + Charles V Presbyterians + Independents
• What was the result of the Second Civil War?

  Scot army far weaker and divided, lost to well trained NMA
• Where was there continued support for Charles in 1648?

  In the Country Par had to put down revolts in Norwich and Kent Uprisings in Cornwall, Essex, Yorkshire and Wales