Topic 17: Seed Plants: Angiosperms Part 1 Flashcards

• What are angiosperms?

  seed plants with two key reproductive structures: flowers and fruits
• what are the most widespread and diverse of all plants

  angiosperms
• What is the one phylum of Angiosperms?

  Anthophyta
• what does anthos mean


  flower
• what are angiosperms commonly known as

  flowering plants
• what size of seed plants do angiosperms include

  includes smallest and tallest seed plants-example: duckweed 2-3mm and eucalyptus with a record of 131m tall (dont need to know just for example)
• like all land plants: angiosperm life cycles characterized by what

  by the alternation between multicellular haploid (1n) generation and multicellular diploid (2n) generation.
• like all land plants: what happens when meiosis occurs in the angiosperm life cycle

  Diploid sporophytes (2n) produce spores (1n) by meiosis; these grow into haploid gametophytes (1n).
• like all land plants: what happens when mitosis occurs in the angiosperm life cycle

  Gametophytes produce haploid gametes (1n) by mitosis; fertilization of gametes produces a sporophyte.
• like all seed plants: what is the dominant generation, the large plant that we see

  the sporophyte
• like all seed plants: what are microscopic and depend on the sporophyte for nutrients

  the gametophytes
• like all seed plants: what two things are retained on the sporophyte

  both spores and gametophytes
• the angiosperm life cycle is characherized by the 'three Fs". what are the three Fs?

  -Flowers-double Fertilization (seed endosperm)-Fruits
• what are the shared, derived traits (synapomorphies) of angiosperms (3)

  the three F's:-Flowers-double Fertilization (seed endosperm)-Fruits
• what are the angiosperm structures specialized for sexual reproduction

  flowers
• why are flowers the angiosperm structures specialized for sexual reproduction

  specialized for the transfer and receipt of pollen
• many species of angiosperms are pollinated by what? what are some pollinated by?

  many by animals, some by wind
• flowers attract and reward animals for what

  pollination
• how is a flower physically specialized

  specialized shoot with up to four types of modified leaves
• what are the four types of modified leaves a flower can have

  -sepals-petals-stamens-carpels
• where are sepals located on the flower


  enclose the flower - the outer part
• what are the purpose of petals on flowers

  theyre brightly coloured to attract pollinators
• what do stamens on a flower produce

  pollen
• what do carpels on a flower produce

  ovules
• what part of the stem do the four kinds of leaves that a flower can have attach to? (sepals, petals, stamens & carpels)


  the receptacle
• what 2 out of the 4 leaves a flower can have are sterile (non reproductive)

  sepals and petals
• what is the purpose of sepals on a flower


  protect developing flowers
• what 2 out of the 4 leaves a flower can have are the reproductive organs?


  stamens and carpels
• what are the sporophylls on a flower

  the stamens and carpels
• what does a stamen on a flower consist of (2 parts)


  a stalk called a filament, topped with pollen sacs called an anther where the pollen is produced
• what is the microsporophyll on a flower

  the stamen
• what are the microsporangia on a flower

  the pollen sacs that are in the anther (part of the stamen)
• how many pollen sacs are there usually per anther

  2-4
• about how many stamens per flower (no number)

  often many
• pollen sacs produce what via what

  microspores via meiosis
• what produces the male gametophyte in the pollen grain of flowers

  the pollen sacs that produce microspores
• what does the carpel on a flower consist of (3 parts)

  ovary at the base, and style leading up to stigma, where pollen is received.
• where is the pollen received on a flower

  the stigma part of the carpel
• what is a fused carpel? what is it called?

  when all three parts, ovary, style, and stigma, are fused - apart of one structure. -called pistil
• what is the megasporophyll on a flower? what does it produce?

  the carpel - produces the female gametophyte