Topic 17: Seed Plants: Angiosperms Part 1 Flashcards

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y.ttrium

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What are angiosperms?
seed plants with two key reproductive structures: flowers and fruits
what are the most widespread and diverse of all plants
angiosperms
What is the one phylum of Angiosperms?
Anthophyta
what does anthos mean 
flower
what are angiosperms commonly known as
flowering plants
what size of seed plants do angiosperms include
includes smallest and tallest seed plants-example: duckweed 2-3mm and eucalyptus with a record of 131m tall (dont need to know just for example)
like all land plants: angiosperm life cycles characterized by what
by the alternation between multicellular haploid (1n) generation and multicellular diploid (2n) generation.
like all land plants: what happens when meiosis occurs in the angiosperm life cycle
Diploid sporophytes (2n) produce spores (1n) by meiosis; these grow into haploid gametophytes (1n).
like all land plants: what happens when mitosis occurs in the angiosperm life cycle
Gametophytes produce haploid gametes (1n) by mitosis; fertilization of gametes produces a sporophyte.
like all seed plants: what is the dominant generation, the large plant that we see
the sporophyte
like all seed plants: what are microscopic and depend on the sporophyte for nutrients
the gametophytes
like all seed plants: what two things are retained on the sporophyte
both spores and gametophytes
the angiosperm life cycle is characherized by the 'three Fs". what are the three Fs?
-Flowers-double Fertilization (seed endosperm)-Fruits
what are the shared, derived traits (synapomorphies) of angiosperms (3)
the three F's:-Flowers-double Fertilization (seed endosperm)-Fruits
what are the angiosperm structures specialized for sexual reproduction
flowers
why are flowers the angiosperm structures specialized for sexual reproduction
specialized for the transfer and receipt of pollen
many species of angiosperms are pollinated by what? what are some pollinated by?
many by animals, some by wind
flowers attract and reward animals for what
pollination
how is a flower physically specialized
specialized shoot with up to four types of modified leaves
what are the four types of modified leaves a flower can have
-sepals-petals-stamens-carpels
where are sepals located on the flower 
enclose the flower - the outer part
what are the purpose of petals on flowers
theyre brightly coloured to attract pollinators
what do stamens on a flower produce
pollen
what do carpels on a flower produce
ovules
what part of the stem do the four kinds of leaves that a flower can have attach to? (sepals, petals, stamens & carpels) 
the receptacle
what 2 out of the 4 leaves a flower can have are sterile (non reproductive)
sepals and petals
what is the purpose of sepals on a flower 
protect developing flowers
what 2 out of the 4 leaves a flower can have are the reproductive organs? 
stamens and carpels
what are the sporophylls on a flower
the stamens and carpels
what does a stamen on a flower consist of (2 parts) 
a stalk called a filament, topped with pollen sacs called an anther where the pollen is produced
what is the microsporophyll on a flower
the stamen
what are the microsporangia on a flower
the pollen sacs that are in the anther (part of the stamen)
how many pollen sacs are there usually per anther
2-4
about how many stamens per flower (no number)
often many
pollen sacs produce what via what
microspores via meiosis
what produces the male gametophyte in the pollen grain of flowers
the pollen sacs that produce microspores
what does the carpel on a flower consist of (3 parts)
ovary at the base, and style leading up to stigma, where pollen is received.
where is the pollen received on a flower
the stigma part of the carpel
what is a fused carpel? what is it called?
when all three parts, ovary, style, and stigma, are fused - apart of one structure. -called pistil
what is the megasporophyll on a flower? what does it produce?
the carpel - produces the female gametophyte