T1: Understanding Abnormal Behavior

• Huntington’s Disease – a degenerative brain disease that appears in early to middle age that causes deterioration in in the brain, specifically in the basal ganglia.
• Trephination - It is an old practice where people make a hole in the skull to identify possession.
• Supernatural - In ancient history, it is a behavior rooted from astrology, evil spirits, demons, etc.
• Bile - it gives us different personality (dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, etc.)
• What are the historical conceptions of abnormal behavior?

  • Supernatural
  • Biological
  • Psychological
• Eustress - it is a positive stress.
• Distress - it is a negative stress.
• What are the four criteria of mental disturbance?

  • Deviance
  • Dysfunction
  • Distress
  • Danger
• Diagnosis is base from the result of the assessment. While, prognosis is the future of the outcome of the assessment.
• Psychological disorder - a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.
• Etiology - the study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions.
• Hippocrates is considered to be the father of modern Western medicine.
• Hippocrates assumed that normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors:

  • Blood (came from the heart)
  • Black Bile (spleen)
  • Phlegm (brain)
  • Choler/Yellow Bile (liver)
• A phlegmatic personality indicates apathy and sluggishness but can also mean being calm under stress.
• A choleric person is hot tempered.
• Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, include believing that everyone is plotting against you (delusion of persecution) or that you are God (delusion of grandeur), as well as other bizarre behaviors.
• Moral therapy is a form of psychotherapy believes that a person with a mental disorder could be helped by being treated with compassion, kindness, and dignity in a clean, comfortable environment that provided freedom of movement, etc.
• Moral therapy as a system originated with the well-known French psychiatrist Philippe Pinel and his close associate Jean-Baptiste Pussin
• Franz Mesmer is widely regarded as the father of hypnosis, a state in which extremely suggestible subjects sometimes appear to be in a trance.
• Catharsis is a therapeutic practice to recall and relive emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release accompanying tension.
• Psychopathology the field concerned with the nature, development, and treatment of mental disorders.
• Episodic course is where the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.
• Prevalence rate is the figure that shows how many people in the populations have the disorder.
• Incidence rate is the statistics on how many new cases occur during a given period, such as a year