Digestive system

• Accessory organs include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
• The digestive tract is divided into two parts, the alimentary canal (mouth to anus) and accessory organs.
• The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
• Chemical digestion occurs when enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water-soluble substances.
• Digestion involves mechanical breakdown by teeth and muscular contractions, as well as chemical breakdown through enzymes produced by the body.
• Enzymes are proteins that speed up reactions without being used up themselves.
• Saliva contains amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose.
• Enzymes are proteins produced by cells that catalyze chemical reactions without being consumed or changed themselves.
• Enzymes are produced by cells lining the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas.
• Absorption takes place in the small intestine, where nutrients are transported across the epithelial cells lining the villi.
• Digestion involves mechanical breakdown through chewing and mixing with enzymes from various sources.
• Bile from the liver emulsifies fat and neutralizes stomach acid.
• The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food residue to form feces.
• Bile is stored in the gallbladder until needed.
• The liver produces bile to aid in fat digestion.
• Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol.
• Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins into their constituent amino acids.