Paper 2 - GEO

• India's economy is growing rapidly, but it still lags behind China and the US.
• China has the second-largest economy.
• The United States is the largest economy.
• Germany has a population of over 80 million people.
• Challenges facing India include poverty, corruption, and inequality.
• The Indian government has implemented policies to promote economic growth, such as deregulation and privatization.
• Germany has the fourth-largest economy.
• Brazil is one of the largest economies in Latin America and has experienced significant economic growth over the past decade.
• Japan has the third-largest economy.
• Japan has a population of around 130 million people.
• Asia supports a 60% of the world's population.
• Africa has a rapidly growing population and now has 17% of the world's population.
• The vast population of South Asia has grown as a result of the plentiful supply of fertile soil and flat land from its major rivers.
• Coasts offer moderate maritime climate and an abundance of food.
• Iran's population reached 75 million by 2011 - fourfold increase since 1956
• The total fertility rate (TFR) is below replacement level at 1.4 births per woman
• Water security poses the most severe human security challenge in Iran today.
• Drought has been a recurring problem in Iran since ancient times.
• In recent decades, drought has become increasingly frequent and intense due to climate change.
• Carrying capacity is the amount of people a given environment can support sustainably.
• Malthus believed that as populations grew, food production would not keep up with demand, leading to famine and death.
• Demographics refers to the size, structure, distribution, and composition of a population.
• The demographic dividend occurred in the Republic of Korea's with the baby boomer generation (1953-1963).
• Crude Birth Rate measures the average annual number of live births per thousand people in a given year.
• In the Republic of Korea (South Korea) the demographic dividend improved economic growth in industries from textiles to heavy metals.
• Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is an economic metric that breaks down a country's economic output per person.
• During the demographic dividend in South Korea, the total fertility rate fell from 7.0 to 1.1 children per woman.
• In South Korea, life expectancy at birth increased from 49 (1950) to 83 (2021) years because of the demographic dividend.
• Population momentum is the tendency for a population to grow despite low birth rates and fertility rates, due to a relatively high concentration of people in their pre-child-bearing or child-bearing years.
• The demographic dividend refers to a period in a country's demographic transition where the proportion of the working-age population (15-64 years) is larger than the dependent population (children and elderly).
• The demographic dividend can lead to economic growth and development under certain conditions.
• Decline in fertility rates is a key factor to the emergence of a demographic dividend due to the decline of dependent children.
• In 1962, the first family planning campaign was installed in the Republic of Korea. Total fertility rate fell from 6.3 to 1.2 in 2005.
• Forced migration can occur due to reasons such as war, human trafficking, natural disasters, forced child labor, child soldiers and slavery.
• An asylum-seeker is an individual who is seeking international protection.
• An internally displaced person (IDP) is an individual who has been forced to flee from their home in order to avoid the effects of conflicts, but has not crossed an international border.
• About one-third of France is not populate dense.
• In Japan, there are more than twice as many old people as young people.
• In France 1985, people that resided in the country side plummeted down to 8%.
• By 1985, 1 out of 5 French were living in the Paris metropolitan area.