Phrase (Fragment) is a group of words with either a noun or a verb.
A clause contains a subject or a verb
An independent clause is a complete sentence
Subordinate clause is not complete sentence (dependent clause), begins with subordinate conjunction.
Subordinate conjunctions are everything other than FANBOYS.
Coordinating conjunctions are FANBOYS
A comma splice is two or more independent clauses connected with a comma. To fix this, you would replace it with a semi-colon, full stop, or coordinating conjunction.