Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates serve as energy and building method.
• Monosaccharides are simple carbohydrates and single sugars.
• Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides.
• Polysaccharides are polymers composed of many sugar building blocks.
• Monosaccharides are the fuel.
• Formulas are typically multiples of CH2O.
• Glucose (C6H12O6) is the most common monosaccharide.
• Glucose is blood sugar.
• Fructose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide found in fruits.
• Galactose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide found in milk.
• Ribose is a monosaccharide found in RNA.
• Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide found in DNA.
• Carbohydrates can have the same formulas, but have different bonds, resulting is different forms.
• All carbohydrates have ring-like structures.
• Disaccharides: formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides. The linkage is an oxygen molecule.
• Sucrose is a disaccharide which is table sugar.
• Lactose is a disaccharide which is milk.
• Sucrose is made from glucose + fructose.
• Lactose is made from glucose + galactose.
• Maltose is a disaccharide which is what starch breaks into and is found in pastas.
• Maltose is made from glucose + glucose.
• Disaccharides are two ring like structures combined (holding hands)
• Monosaccharide picture.

  
• Disaccharide picture.

  
• Polysaccharides are polymers of sugar.
• Polysaccharides have storage and structural roles.
• The structure and function of a polysaccharide depends on its sugar monomers and the position of the glycosidic linkages.
• Starch is a polysaccharide that is found in plants and stores energy.
• Starch consists of mainly glucose monomers.
• Cellulose is the most common carbohydrate.
• Cellulose is a polysaccharide which holds the structure for plants, builds cell walls (very rigid), cannot be digested by humans (fiber), and is a polymer of glucose.
• Glycogen is a polysaccharide found in meats, like liver and muscle and is the energy source in animals.
• Chitin is a polysaccharide that is the structural compound for fungus (cell wall) or insects (exoskeleton).
• Disaccharide - Water = Polysaccharide.
• Carbohydrates have carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen.