Chapter 17 Organizational Planning and Controlling

• Planning 


  is the process by which managers establish goals and specify how these goals are to be attained.
• Outcome or goal statements


   represent the end state—the targets and outcomes managers hope to attain.
• Planning Process

  
• domain/directional planning


  in which managers develop a course of action that moves an organization toward one identified domain (and therefore away from other domains).
• hybrid planning


  coupling of domain and goal planning occurs. . In this approach, managers begin with the more general domain planning and commit to moving in a particular direction.
•  Official goals 


  are an organization’s general aims as expressed in public statements, in its annual report, and in its charter.
• Management by objectives (MBO)


   is a philosophy of management, a planning and controlling technique, and an employee-involvement program.
• action statements


  The means by which an organization moves forward to attain its goals.
• administrative plans


  Plans that work to integrate institutional-level plans with the operating plans and tie together all of the plans created for the organization’s technical core.
• concurrent controls


  Controls intended to prevent deviation from a planned course of action while work is in progress.
• cybernetic control

  Self-regulating control procedures.
• Deming cycle


  A planning model directed toward attaining continuous improvement by integrating organizational learning into the planning process (plan, do, check, act).
• noncybernetic control


  Control systems that operate independently from the work system that is being monitored; a monitoring system that is external to the target of control.