Protein

• Proteins are large, complex, nitrogenous biomolecules that are made up of amino acids
• AMINO ACIDS

  The building block of protein
• 20 different amino acids (11 are non-essential and 9 are essential)
• The side chain can be an atom or a group of atoms and also called the R group.
• When two or more amino acids are combined, they form peptide.
• Amino acids are joined together by covalent bonds called peptide bonds.
• When more amino acids are added along the peptide chain, it is now called a polypeptide.
• A protein is then defined as at least a single polypeptide chain with a unique molecular structure and function, resulting from how the protein was configure.
• Primary Structure

  A sequence of amino acids, which is determined by the DNA through the processes of transcription and translation.
• Primary Structure

  This sequence is important as the higher levels of protein structures depend on it.
• Secondary Structure

  Refers to the structure formed from the interactions among adjacent amino acids.
• Typical secondary structures are a coil called an alpha helix and a folded structure called a beta pleated sheet
• Tertiary Structure Refers to its three-dimensional (3D) conformation
• Tertiary Structure

  This structure is formed by interactions among the side chains of amino acids when several secondary structures come together.
• True

  If a protein loses its 3D structure, it will loses its functions.
• Quaternary Structure It results when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule.
• Quaternary Structure Proteins with multiple subunit
• Hormones Chemical messengers in the body
• Enzymatic Proteins

  Selective acceleration of chemical reactions
• Transport Proteins

  transport of substances
• Contractile Protein These proteins are vital for movement
• Contractile Protein Two notable examples are myosin and actin,both are present in muscles.
• Storage protein Casein stores amino acids, mainly used for muscle support and growth.It has a large influence on suppressing protein breakdowns and is often used in protein supplements.
• Storage proteins Ovalbumin is the main protein found in egg white, making up 60-65% of the total protein. The function of ovalbumin is unknown, although it is presumed to be a storage protein.