SCIENCE

• Scalar is a physical quantity that has both physics and direction
• vector is any quantity that has both magnitude and direction
• force is the measurement of push and pull. it also procuces motion
• motion is defined as the continuous change in position. it has an origin or a reference point.
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• the difference between speed and velocity, is that velocity has direction
• TAKE NOTE: Accelaration is the speed that has respect to time
• 2nd LESSON:

  • Waves are repetitive disturbance that travels through a medium vacuum and carries energy
• KEYWORDS:

  • vacuum - empty space
  • medium - where waves travel; solid, liquid, gas
• the height of the wave is called amplitude.

  and the highest peak of the wave is called crest,

  while the lowest peak is called trough
• the distance of each crests of the wave is called the wavelength
• • FREQUENCY is the number of waves produced per unit time
• • PERIOD is the time taken for the complete cylce of the wave to pass a reference point.
• • WAVELENGTH is the distance between waves
• • SPEED is the distance travelled by a wave per unit time
• • AMPLITUDE is the maximum amount of displacement of a particle on the medium from its resting point .
• TAKE NOTE (AMPLITUDE): the greater the amplitude the greater the energy carried by the wave.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES:

  reflection : bouncing of waves when they hit a boundary

  refraction : the change in the direction of the wave when it moves through a different medium

  interference : behavior oh the waves as they pass through the same region of the space at the same time

  diffraction : spreading of the waves along a certain space when they hit an obstacle
• CLASSIFICATIONS OF WAVES:

  -According to their movement;

  • tranverse movement
  • longitudinal movement

  -According to their nature;

  • mechanical waves
  • electromagnetic waves
• transverse movement:

  -is one in which the particles of the medium are vibrating perpendicularly to the direction of the wave propagation.

  KEYWORD : UP AND DOWN

  CREST AND TROUGH
• longitudinal movement:

  -waves in which the medium moves back and forth in the same direction as the wave

  KEYWORD : BACK AND FORTH
• mechanical waves:

  -require a medium to propagate
• electromagnetic waves:

  -can travel in a vacuum and in any medium
• TAKE NOTE!!! : electromagnetic waves and transverse waves are dependent on each other.

  electromagnetic waves are also transverse waves. = 3x10(raise to 8) m/s
• TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES :

  • R - adiowave
  • M - icrowave
  • I - nfrared
  • V - isible wave
  • U - ltra violet
  • X - ray
  • G - amma rays
• solution for frequency :

  • f = v x (lambda)
• Solution for period:

  • T = 1 / F
• solution for wavelength :

  • (lambda) = v / f
• solution for speed (wave):

  • v = f x (lambda)
  • v = (lambda) / period
• sound is produced when matter vibrates, these vibrations travel outwards from the source.

  sound consists of waves and travel as a longitudinal wave.
• sound waves can travel through mediums but not through a vacuum.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUNDS:

  • pitch - highness or lowness of a tone, which is related to the frequency of the tone, is called the pitch of a tone ---NOTE: THE HIGHER THE FREQUENCY THE HIGHER THE PITCH.
• • Loudness or intensity;
  • intensity : it is the sound energy. it is the "technical term" for the amount or sound energy that a wave produces.
• CONTINUATION

  • loudness or intensity;
  • loudness - it is what we hear. it is the psychological sensation of how our ears perceived the intensity of the sound.
• TAKE NOTE:

  the measure of sound is in decibels (dB)
• • QUALITY OR TONE - it is the vibrating of a medium that distinguishes it from another source.