Developmental Psychology

• Synapses are connections between neurons that allow communication to occur.
• Brain growth occurs rapidly during infancy and early childhood, with synaptic pruning occurring later on.
• The preoperational stage is the second stage, characterized by the development of symbolic thinking and egocentrism.
• The development of the brain is influenced by genetics, environment, and experience.
• The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of Piaget's theory, during which infants learn about the world through their senses and motor actions.
• The brain is the most complex organ in the body, with over 100 billion nerve cells (neurons) connected by trillions of synapses.
• Neurons communicate through electrical impulses called action potentials.
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.
• The brain is responsible for controlling all bodily functions and processing sensory information from the environment.
• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sense organs.
• Egocentrism refers to the child's difficulty understanding other people's perspectives or points of view.
• Concrete operational stage is the third stage, where children can think logically about concrete objects but not abstract concepts.
• During this stage, children begin to understand symbols such as words and numbers, but they still have difficulty understanding other people's perspectives.
• Piaget believed that children construct knowledge through active exploration and interaction with the environment.
• Children begin to understand cause-and-effect relationships and can anticipate events based on past experiences.
• During the sensorimotor stage, babies develop object permanence, understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
• During the sensorimotor stage, babies develop object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
• Formal operational stage is the final stage, where individuals have developed logical reasoning skills and can handle complex problems involving abstractions.
• Piaget believed that cognitive development progressed through four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
• During this stage, babies develop object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
• Neurons communicate with one another via electrical impulses called action potentials.
• Concrete operational stage (ages 7 to 11): Children gain an understanding of conservation and reversibility, allowing them to think logically about concrete situations.
• Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7): Children become more aware of symbols but still lack logic and abstract thinking.
• The sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) involves infants learning about their world by using their senses and motor abilities.
• Concrete operations stage (ages 7–12): Children gain an understanding of conservation, which involves recognizing that quantities remain constant despite changes in appearance.
• In the concrete operations stage (ages 7–12), children become more adept at using logic and reasoning to solve problems.
• Preoperational thinking involves symbolic thought, which allows children to use language and mental images to represent things beyond what they see and experience directly.
• The preoperational period begins at around age two and lasts until about seven years old.
• In the preoperational period, children become more aware of their own thoughts and feelings, but they may struggle with logical reasoning and problem solving.
• Language development involves both comprehension (understanding) and production (speaking).
• In this stage, children are able to use language symbolically and engage in pretend play.
• The preoperational period begins at around age two and lasts until approximately seven years old.
• In the preoperational stage, children become more aware of their own thoughts and feelings, but they may struggle with logical reasoning and problem solving.
• The brain consists of billions of neurons connected by synapses.
• Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 6): Children begin to use symbols such as words and numbers but are not yet able to perform mental operations on these symbols.
• Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2): Infants acquire knowledge by interacting with their environment using their senses and motor abilities.
• Sensorimotor Stage - Infants use their senses and motor skills to explore and understand their environment